Trapezoidal

Method
 Content
What is Trapezoidal Method

General Formula of Integration

How it works

History of Trapezoidal Method

Advantages

Application of Trapezoidal Rule

Example

Problem & Algorithm

Live Preview

Conclusion

References
 What is Trapezoidal Method ?

In numerical analysis, the trapezoidal rule or method is a

technique for approximating the definite integral.

0 f(x) dx

It also known as Trapezium rule.

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General Formula of Integration
In general Integration formula when n=1 its
Trapezoidal rule.

2 23 32 2 4 43 +42 3
I=h[n0 + 0 + 0 + 0 +]
2 12 24

After putting n=1,

Trapezoidal Rule = [0 + + 2(1 + 2 + 3 + . 1 )]
2

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 How it works ?
Trapezoid is an one kind of rectangle which has 4 sides and minimum two
sides are parallel

1+2
Area A=
2

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 The trapezoidal rule works
by approximating the region
under the graph of the
function as a trapezoid and
calculating its area in limit.

It follows that,

(ba)
f(x) dx
2
[f(a) +f(b)]

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The trapezoidal rule
approximation improves
With More strips , from
This figure we can clearly
See it

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 History Of Trapezoidal Method

Trapezoidal Rule, by Nick Trefethen and

Andr Weideman. It deals with a fundamental and
classical issue in numerical analysisapproximating
an integral.

Trefethen
By focusing on up-to-date covergence of recent
results

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 Advantages
There are many alternatives to the trapezoidal rule,
but this method deserves attention because of

Its ease of use

Powerful convergence properties

Straightforward analysis

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 Application of Trapezoidal Rule

The trapezoidal rule is one of the family members of

numerical-integration formula.

The trapezoidal rule has faster convergence.

Moreover, the trapezoidal rule tends to become

extremely accurate than periodic functions

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 Example:

1 2 3
=1 =2 =3 =4 =5
5
1 + 2
1
51
h = =1
4
1
Trapezoidal Rule = [ (1) + (5) + 2((2) + (3) + (4)]
2
1
= [ (1 + 12 ) + (1 + 52 ) + 2((1 + 22 ) + (1 + 32 ) + (1 + 42 )]
2
1
= 92
2

= 46
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 Problem & Algorithm
Problem: Here we have to find integration for the (1+ 2 )dx
with lower limit =1 to upper limit = 5

Algorithm:

Step 1: input a,b,number of interval n

Step 2: h=(b-a)/n

Step 3: sum=f(a)+f(b)

Step 4: If n=1,2,3,i
Then , sum=sum+2*y(a+i*h)
Step 5: Display output=sum *h/2

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 Live Preview
Live Preview of Trapezoidal Method

5
1 + 2
1
Lower limit =1
Upper limit =5
Interval h=4
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 Conclusion
Trapezoidal Method can be applied accurately for
non periodic function, also in terms of periodic
integrals.

when periodic functions are integrated over their

periods, trapezoidal looks for extremely accurate.

Periodic Integral Function

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 References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoidal_rule

http://blogs.siam.org/the-mathematics-and-
history-of-the-trapezoidal-rule/

And various relevant websites

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Thank You