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PRESENT TENSES
Present simple tense Present continuous tense
Use: Use:
for permanent situations and for temporary situations
states for actions happening at or
for repeated/habitual actions around the moment of
for permanenth thruths or low speaking
of nature for repeated actions with
for timetables/programmes always expressing
for reviews/sports/ annoyance or criticism
commentaries/dramatic
for fixed arrangements in the
near future
narrative
for changing or developing
situations
PRESENT TENSES
Present simple tense Present continuous tense
Use: Use:
past actions which happened for action in the middle of
one after the other happening at a stated past
past habit or state time
actions which happened at a for past action in progress
definite past time although the interrupted by another past
time is not mentioned action. the shorter action is in
the past simple and the
longer in the past continuous.
for two or more simultaneous
past actions
PAST TENSES
Past simple tense Past continuous tense
Use: Use:
for decisions taken at the for actions intended to be
moment of speaking performed in the near future
for hopes, fears, threats, for planned actions or
offers, promises, requests, intentions
comments, etc. for evidence that something
for actions or predictions will definitely happen in the
which may (not) happen in near future
the future for things we are sure about
for thing we are not sure or we have already decided
about or haven`t decided yet to do in the near future
FUTURE TENSES
Future simple (will) Be going to
Use: Use:
for recently completed for actions started in the past
actions and continuing up to the
for actions which happened at present
an ustated past time and are for past actions of certain
connected with the present duration having visible results
for personal or effects in the present
experiences/changes which for actions expressing anger,
have happened irritation, annoyance,
for emphasis on number explanation or criticism
for emphasis on duration (for,
since, how long)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
She has tidied her room. He has been writing a letter for two
We have lost 10 kilos. hours.
We have been climbing.
Where has he lost his keys?
Have we taken a medicine? Has she been crying?
Who has been using my toothbrush?
He hasn`t called at three o`clock.
We haven`t got the letter. They haven`t been calling since this
morning.
He hasn`t been redecorating the
room.
PAST PERFECT TENSES
Past perfect simple Present perfect continuous
Use: Use:
for past action which for action continuing over a
occured before another period up to a specific time
action or before a stated in the past
past time for past action of certain
for complete past action duration which had visible
which had visible results in results in the past
the past the Past perfect continuous
the Past perfect is the past is the past eqivalent of the
equivalent of the Present Present perfect continuous
perfect
PAST PERFECT TENSES
Past perfect simple Present perfect continuous
She had left by the time I got there. She had been working as a clerk for
10 years before she resigned.
They were sad because they had
failed the test. They were wet because they had
been walking in the rain.
Had he tried to find his keys?
How long had her leg been aching?
Where had they gone?
Had you been trying to find a job?
*Future continuous
Use:
for the actions in progress at a stated future time
for actions which are the result of a routine
FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous
tense tense
Will you have finished untill Will she have been driving for
midnight? five hours.
They won`t have finished until 8 They won`t have been playing
o`clock. cricket for eight hours.
PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE