Diamond Bits - Beijing Petroleum University

Petroleum University
Beijing Petroleum University
Type number indication

Introduction of diamond bit
series
Special diamond bits
Development of designing
technology
Development of PDC cutter
Diamond bit selection guide
Diamond bit application
The model number consists six parts:
Bit diameter Cutter density Crown profile
Bit series Cutter size Additional features
next
Type number indication return
Type number indication of Kingdream diamond
Classification series Cutter Cutter size Crown profile Additional structure
code type code descriptio density code inch code lengt shape code description
n h
none conventio 1(low) 1 2 1 short + Tipped&round
n cutter
2 1 1/2 4 medi round
um
B
B PDCPolys
crystalline
3 1 M Milling bit head
shape
Diamond
(BC)
Compact
PDC core H
H Force 4 3/4 7 long
BC balance
bit 6 1/2 B Bi-center/off-ce
nter
8 3/8 2 short
W Anti-whir parabo ST Side-tracking
W l lic
5 medi
um
1 1 8 long HZ Horizontal/direc
tional
P TSPTher 2 2
P mally Stable
Polycrystalli
ne
(PC) TSP core none conventio 3 3 short Gage protection
PC bit n 3
tappere
G
d
6 medi H Mixed cutter
um
1 1
NDNatura 2 2 9 long C Cylindrical
l Diamond cutter
D ND core none conventio 3 3
n
D
(DC) bit 4 4-5
Special shape
Y Impregnated
cutter
7 6-8 0
9 9 >10-12 R Randomly set next
cutter
return
Examples of Designation of Diamond Bit
8 1/2BH461ST-1
It indicates the bit diameter is 8 1/ 2", a force
balanced PDC bit with class 4 cutter density,
nominal cutter size is 1/ 2" , and the bit profile is
short round. It is a side tracking bit that was
redesigned on the basis of the basic model.
Type number indication return

Introduction of diamond bit series
Standard PDC bit (B)

TSP diamond bit (P)
Natural diamond bit (D)
Diamond core bit (BC PC
DC)
Standard PDC BitB series PDC bit

B series PDC bit uses synthetic
polycrystalline diamond compacts as cutters.
The compacts are made by thin layers of
synthetic diamond pressed to WC substrate
under high temperature and high pressure,
which are then firmly brazed onto the
erosion and wear resistant WC matrix. The
cutter sizes include 3/8", 1/2", 3/4",
1"and 1-1/4". This kind of compacts can
engage the formation under relatively low
WOB, breaking rocks with shear actions and
obtaining high ROP.
There are three types of crown profile-
parabolic, round and tapered.
B series PDC bit uses integral threaded
exchangeable nozzle,its easy for field
hydraulic design, can meet different
drilling hydraulic requirements, and is
B series PDC bit

B461
Short round crown, medium cutter
density, long service life, and can
drill through hard transition sections
smoothly
Blade type cutter layout which can
effectively remove cuttings and
prevent bit balling, cutters can have
better cooling effect in harder and
higher abrasive
formations.Applicable formations:
mudstone, fine sandstone, marl,
sandstone with low to medium
compressive strength, and medium
abrasive formation
next return
B series PDC bit

B461R
Short round crown, even
WOB distribution.
Spiral cutter layout and
medium cutter density,
good cleaning effect, high
ROP and long service life.
Applicable formations:
mudstone, fine sandstone,
soft to medium non-
hydratable shale, sandstone
with low to medium
compressive strength, and
medium abrasive
formation..
next return
B series PDC bit

B669
Deep cone crown, ridge type cutter
layout and high cutter density.
With tipped and cylindrical cutters set
in combination, cutting efficiency is
increased, and can achieve higher ROP in
hard formations.
TSP and natural diamond cutters are
used for gage protection, making the
gage more wear resistant.
Applicable formations: hard shale,
dolomite, sandstone and medium to high
abrasive formations.
return
Anti-whirl PDC Bit next
(BW series PDC bit) return
Anti-whirl PDC bit is a new product that was developed

with patented designing technology. During drilling,
the side forces generated on cutters under the action
of WOB and torque are directed to the smooth and low
frictional gage pads which always keep sliding contact
with the bore-hole wall, so that the side forces of the
bit being counteracted, making the bit rotates around
its centerline without any off-center rotation. And the
bit can drill steadily by overcoming the whirl action.
Both the service life and the ability of the bit to
drill through formation with stringers are improved,
and the application range of the bit extended.
BW series PDC bit

BW461/M232
Short round crown, blade type cutting
structure.
Anti-whirl design broadened the
formation range the bit can be applied,
and has a better bit stability and longer
service life.
1/2" claw type cutters and medium
cutter density increased cutting
efficiency, providing enhanced cutter
retention and further improved the impact
strength of the bit. next
Applicable formations:Soft to medium
hard formations such as mart, salt,
limestone and low abrasive sand, etc. return
Force Balanced PDC Bit

(BH series PDC bit)
Force balanced PDC bit is designed according to the
force balance principle. Load of the cutters is analyzed
with the special program during designing process so
that the resultant forces of the bit when drilling tend
to be balanced. Unequal space blades and higher blade
designs are utilized to reduce the tendency of whirling
of the bit and make it drilling more smoothly. Force
balanced PDC bit can chieve higher rate of penetration
when drilling in upper soft formation, and can have the
cutters get good cooling and cleaning in lower formation.
Consequently, service life of the bit improved.
return
TSP Diamond BitP series TSP bit

P series TSP bit uses self-sharpening synthetic
thermal stable polycrystalline diamond as cutting
elements which directly sintered into the erosion
and wear resistant WC matrix..
Apart from some main features of PDC bit, the P
series diamond bit also has good thermal
stability, TSP cutters can sustain the high
temperature up to 1200, thus suitable for using
on high speed down-hole power drilling tools.
In order to meet application requirements in
different formations, the P series diamond bits
can also be designed into different cutter
density, cutter layout and different crown shapes
(parabolic, round or cone). Specific flow area
can be designed based on customers request.
return
Natural Diamond Bit

D series ND bit
D series natural diamond bit utilizes
selected premium natural diamond as
its cutting elements, which are
cemented in erosion and wear
resistant WC matrix by sintering. The
diamond breaks rocks with shearing or
grinding action in different
formations. The natural diamond bits
are designed with different crown
profiles as parabolic, round or cone,
utilize different diamond sizes,
density, placement and different
hydraulic designs, for using in next
medium to hard formations with high
abrasiveness.
return
D series ND bit
D756/M713
Medium long cone and

deep inner cone crown
for better stability.
Radius flow course for
good cooling and
cleaning.
Applicable formations:
medium hard to hard
formations.
return
BC Series Diamond Core Bit

The main products of diamond core
bits include BC, PC and DC series
bits, which made of erosion
resistant WC matrix and the inner
and outer gages are protected by
natural diamond. The bit profiles
include round, parabolic and cone
shapes, with the advantages of
high ROP and high rate of core
recovery as well as long bit life,
etc.
next
return
BC Series Diamond Core Bit

BC463
Short cone crown, and
inner and outer gages
protected by natural
diamond.
Surface water- way design
to reduce mud invasion to
the core.
Suitable for coring in soft
to medium hard formations
and it is a kind of core bit
with wide scope of
applications.
return
PC Series TSP Diamond Core Bit
return
Special diamond bits
Diamond bits for horizontal or

directional drilling (HZ)
Diamond bits for sidetracking (ST)
BI-center/off-center diamond bit (B)
Diamond bits for horizontal/directional drilling

--HZ series
Diamond bits for

horizontal/directional drilling feature
impact pad along with special gage
protection, increased the steer ability
and directional ability of the bit in
high angle and horizontal wells.
next
return
--HZ series
B461HZ/M232
Short round crown, overall length of the
bit is shorter for easy directional control.
Cutters placed in the gage bevel can take
up-drilling function, thus the bit can deal
with special down-hole conditions.
The impact pad on bit face can
effectively control cutting depth of the
cutters, reducing impact damages to
cutters due to changes in formation and
WOB, Keeping the bit working smoothly.
Suitable for sidetracking and horizontal
drilling in soft to medium hard
formations.
next Return
Diamond Bit For Sidetracking--ST series

Diamond bits for sidetracking
feature the flat crown profile,
short gage, premium
hydraulic design, and high-
density cutter placement in
shoulder area, therefore the
load capacity in directional
drilling can be ensured and
hole diameter is maintained.
The bit can be used for
sidetracking and angle
building effectively in well
bores of different azimuth. next
return
Diamond Bit For Sidetracking--ST series

D651ST
Near flat crown and short gage,
advantageous to fast angle building.
Combined diamond cutter placement
can maximize performance while
reducing the torque; gage cutters on the
ridge can reduce breakage of the
diamond and improve service life.
Alternatively arranged slot ports and
cross pad water way allow the drilling
fluid across the bit with large flow rate
and low pressure drop.
Suitable for formation: shale, limestone,
dolomite, anhydrite and high abrasive
formations.
next return
Bi-center/off-center Diamond Bit--B series
Bi-center and off-center diamond

bits can meet special drilling
requirements. They can be used
to flowing salt, and can also be
used second time completion,
increase casing annular, and
improve cementing quality.
return
Development of designing technology

(1)Compensating cutting structure: The cutting structure includes the major
and the subsidiary structure, the major structure can rapidly cut rocks,
while subsidiary structure provide progressive compensation and also hold
the impact load.
(2)Mechanical balance : The force balance of the cutting structure is
analyzed by the computer, the crux of the bit is given the balance cutting
structure design to retain the stable drilling operation.
(3)Lowfriction gage: Adopt ND,TSP,TCI flat pad complex gage, and the
mechanical dynamic pressure lubricating theory is used in the design of bit
gage, ensures the full cooling and lubricating of the mud to the gage
bore-hole wall.
Next Return
Development of designing technology

(4)Full release fluid course/exchangeable nozzle hydraulic structure: Improve
the fluid condition of the bit , increase the ability of lifting detritus.
(5)Computer aided design and manufacture: Applying CAD\CAM technology,
insures the manufacturing precision and quality of products, and greatly
increases the design and manufacture speed of new products.
(6)New material and new technology: The new gradient of tungsten carbide
is used, further increase the structure strength and wear-resistant capability,
the complex die NC technology plays a very important role in increasing the
quality of the bit.
Return

1) Bevel PDC cutters: The bevel of diamond layer is also rounded except the
improvement is made in the interior of the cutters, thus increase PDC structure
strength and anti-erosion ability.
2) Super small particles PDC cutters: Compare with the conventional PDC
cutters, the impact resistance, wear resistance and self-sharpening ability are
greatly improved.
3) Multi-layers PDC cutters: The newest diamond compacting technology is
employed, the cutting capability are greatly improved except the good impact
resistance. The infinitely gradient blade sharpening maintains the sharp blade
and rapid drilling.
Next
Return

4) Large size PDC cutters: Large size PDC cutters can greatly
increase the cutting efficiency of the bit.
5) PDC cutters with trenches: The cutter has high impact
resistance, because its diamond layer meshes with the tungsten
carbide interface.
Next
Return
Claw cutter Double-deck claw cutter
Return
Factors in selecting bit

The procedures of selecting bits
Next
Diamond bit selection Guide Return

Factors in Selecting Bit:

1.The purpose of drilling operation
2.The features of the formations
3.The equipment & technology factors
4.Other limited factors.
Next

The Procedures of Selecting Bits
1.Collect and analysis offset formation information

2.Collect and analysis offset bit application
information .(including dull bit analysis)
3.Bit product samples
4.Bit technology instruction information
5.Composite consideration, correct selection
6.If there are other requirements, please contact with
the manufactures for special design and manufacture.

When do you use diamond bit :
1bit is needed to run long time.

2.Oil based mud is used (preferable)
3.Water based mud is used in non-hydrated formations.
4.Penetrate at high rotary speed (turbine or down-hole
power)
5.High bottom hole temperature.
6.Slope section should be controlled under low bit weight.
7.Penetrating at over balance pressure.
Diamond bit application Return

What formations need diamond bit
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit (PDC bit)
1.very soft, brittle and shallow sedimentary formations. (such as

sand, siltstone and clay)
2.low strength, brittle, non-consolidated and non-abrasive
fragmental formations.(such as halite, anhydrite and marl)
3.medium strength, moderate abrasive and brittle, hardened
fragmental and sedimentary rocks in medium deep formations
(such as siliceous shale, silt clay, and anhydrite)
Diamond bit application return

What formations need diamond bit:
Natural Diamond/Thermally Stable Polycrystalline(TSP) Bit

1.medium strength, moderate abrasive and brittle, hardened
fragmental and sedimentary rocks(such as carbonatite, anhydrite
and silt clay)
2.comparatively high strength and abrasive and hard rocks (such as
sandy shale, calcite sand limestone).
3.High strength and high abrasive, hard and ductile formations
(such as hard sand and bromide).

Which formations do not need Diamond Bit
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Natural Diamond/Thermally Stable

PDCBit: Polycrystalline Bit:
.hard and cemented abrasive .hard and very brittle abrasive

sand (such as quartz) cemented quartz sand stone.
.hard dolomite
.ferruginous rock
.flint
granite and basalt.

What information are needed to decide which diamond bit to be used?
1 Bit record in drilling adjacent well:

what type of bit is used in different section?
.Bit grade information for each section.
.Economic analysis
2Associated data:
Well Log
Geologic information

How to use diamond bit:

Before running diamond bit:
1.running one salvage tool on the last drilling bit.
2.Check the wear condition on OD and other area on the last bit
3.If the last bit working normally, diamond bit then can be running into
the well.
4.Check O rings and nozzles in the diamond bit to be running.
5.Carefully check the cutters for damage
6.Check the bit gage and make sure the bit is clean and nozzle is open.
7.Sand cleaner is recommended.

Bit running (rotary drilling):
1.carefully handle of diamond bit, when putting on the floor rubber or wood pad
should be placed under diamond bit.
2. Bit connection should be tight with break plate to the required torque.
3. Bit should be rotating and care should be taken when bit is running through the
known contract well bore, or bit will be damaged.
4.Normally diamond bit can not ream the well, but if needed, Kelly should be used
and use possible large circulation, the rotary speed should be lower than 60 RPM
and cycle should be less than 2 hours.
5.Before reached the well bottom, at least three single pipes should be run with
large circulation and 40 to 60 RPM to avoid clogging orifices.

Bit running (rotary drilling):
6.Rotary torque indicator and weight indicator can indicate if bit has reached
the well bottom. If torque increased the bit reached.
7.Once the bit reached the well bottom, it should be raised away from the
bottom and circulate with large displacement and slowly run the rotary table
for 5 to 10 minutes.
8.Then lower the bit for making bottom hole pattern.
9.At least 0.50 meter is finished using the way above before using the best
bit weight and rotary speed.
10.For best penetration rate, parameters should be calculated using the
formula of try and error methods for best bit weight.
Application of diamond bit Return

Bit running(bottom hole motor & turbine drilling):
1.turn on pump when bit reaches hole bottom and gradually increase to the
desired displacement.
2.After cleaning the bottom in a short time, reach bottom with low
pressure then increase bit weight slowly.
3.When bit weight increased, pump pressure should be increased
accordingly. The changes of pressure and bit weight should be controlled
within the associated specifications.
4.Pipe should be running slowly to prevent from sticking.
5.Normal operation procedures should be followed.

When pull out bit:
1.when there is no penetration.

2.It is no worthy drilling by calculating of cost per foot.
3.Torque is increased when bit weight is low, and penetrate slowly.
4.Penetration rate is decreased and no way to correct
5.Pressure changed in vertical tube
(1)increased pressure indicates that the cutting structure is failure
(2)decreased pressure indicates that the nozzle loss of wash off.

Broken Teeth/CuttersBT:
Reason Solutions
Inner cutting structure breakage indicates Reasonably adjust drilling parameters.
excessive bit weight was used.
Outer cutting structure breakage indicates
excessive rotary speed was used.
Fish. Keep well bore cleaning, fishing or press to the
wall.
Too rapid running in, percussion drill or drilling Slowly and smoothly run in; prevent percussion
string not well braked. drill or drilling string not well braked.
Too hard formation or fractured formation Correctly make bottom hole pattern, do not use
Not full or no bottom hole pattern making. diamond bit in fractured formation or adjust
drilling parameters.
Diamond bit dull grading& analysis Return

Balled UpBU:
Reason Solutions
Improper making bottom hole pattern. Run a softer formation bit.
Over low mud displacement and hydraulic Increase pumps flow rate and hydraulic
horsepower. horsepower.
Inappropriate mud property. Improve mud property.
Excessive WOB. Decrease WOB.
Adopt measures to clean bit.
Diamond bit dull grading & Analysis Return

CoredCR:
Reason Solutions
Excessive WOB. Adjust drilling parameters.
Improper making bottom pattern, too Use a core ejector bit or a harder formation bit.
hard formation.
Fish or large detritus. Keep well bore cleaning.
Too rapid running in, percussion drill Slowly and smoothly run in; prevent percussion
or drilling string not well braked. drill or drilling string not well braked.
Not full or no bottom hole pattern Correctly make bottom hole pattern.
making.
Lost teeth due to bit body erosion. Adjust hydraulic parameters, and treat mud.
Diamond bit dull grading &Analysis Return

ErosionER:
Reason Solutions
Excessive displacement. Reduce displacement.
Nozzle or fluid course area too Increase fluid course area.
small. Treat mud, improve property,
Bad mud property. and reduce sand contents.
Use wear resistant bit.
Drill abrasive formations.
Diamond bit dull grading & analysis Return

Heat CheckingHC:
Reason Solutions
Excessive WOB. Adjust drilling parameters.
Excessive rotary speed.
Low displacement. Increase displacement.
Overmuch ream. Reduce reaming.

Junk Damage(JD:
Reason Solutions
Fish. Cleaning, fishing, treating.
Broken or lost teeth. Use shock absorber, and adjust
operating parameters.

Lost NozzleLN:
Reason Solutions
Loose nozzle installation. Proper nozzle installation.
Damage to nozzle or nozzle Check for nozzle, nozzle
socket. socket, and seal in good
condition.
Diamond bit dull grading & analysis Return

Lost TeethLT:
Reason Solutions
Fluid erosion. Decrease displacement, increase
Impact, shock. flow area.
Operate correctly, adjust
parameters.

Off-Center WearOC
Reason Solutions
Bad stabilization. Increase gage length, use
Bent BHA. stabilizer.
Check and calibrate drilling tool.

Plug NozzlesPN
Reason Solutions
Small nozzle. Larger nozzles.
Low displacement and hydraulic Increase displacement and HHP.
horsepower.
High mud solid contents or other Treat mud, and use a drill pipe
substance. strainer.
Continue circulation when coming
off bottom.
Pull-to-release.

Rounded Gage(RG
Reason Solutions
High rotary speed in abrasive Reduce rotary speed.
formation.
Bad stabilization. Increase stabilization.
Too much reaming. Reduce reaming.

Ring OutRO
Reason Solutions
Improper bit selection. Use a flatter profile of bit.
Fish Keep well bore clean.
Broken or lost teeth Prevent from breaking or losing
teeth.

Worn TeethWT
Reason Solutions
Improper bit selection. Use proper bit.
Detritus are not discharged Adjust drilling parameters.
promptly, there are tracing break
of rock.
Cutters are not cooled well. Improve hydraulics.

Diamond Bits - Beijing Petroleum University

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Petroleum University

Beijing Petroleum University

Type number indication

The model number consists six parts:

Bit diameter Cutter density Crown profile

Bit series Cutter size Additional features

Examples of Designation of Diamond Bit

Type number indication return

Introduction of diamond bit series

Standard PDC bit (B)

Standard PDC BitB series PDC bit

B series PDC bit

B series PDC bit

B series PDC bit

Anti-whirl PDC Bit next

(BW series PDC bit) return

Anti-whirl PDC bit is a new product that was developed

BW series PDC bit

Force Balanced PDC Bit

TSP Diamond BitP series TSP bit

Natural Diamond Bit

Medium long cone and

BC Series Diamond Core Bit

BC Series Diamond Core Bit

PC Series TSP Diamond Core Bit

Special diamond bits

Diamond bits for horizontal or

Diamond bits for horizontal/directional drilling

Diamond bits for

Diamond Bit For Sidetracking--ST series

Diamond Bit For Sidetracking--ST series

Bi-center/off-center Diamond Bit--B series

Bi-center and off-center diamond

Development of designing technology

Development of designing technology

Development of PDC cutter

Development of PDC cutter

Development of PDC cutter

Claw cutter Double-deck claw cutter

Diamond bit selection guide

Factors in selecting bit

Diamond bit selection Guide Return

Diamond bit selection guide

Factors in Selecting Bit:

Diamond bit selection Guide Return

The Procedures of Selecting Bits

1.Collect and analysis offset formation information

Diamond bit selection Guide Return

When do you use diamond bit :

1bit is needed to run long time.

Diamond bit application Return

What formations need diamond bit

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit (PDC bit)

1.very soft, brittle and shallow sedimentary formations. (such as

Diamond bit application return

What formations need diamond bit:

Natural Diamond/Thermally Stable Polycrystalline(TSP) Bit

Diamond bit application Return

Which formations do not need Diamond Bit

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Natural Diamond/Thermally Stable

.hard and cemented abrasive .hard and very brittle abrasive

Diamond bit application Return

What information are needed to decide which diamond bit to be used?

1 Bit record in drilling adjacent well: