Plastic bending of symmetrical section

Those sections, in which the N.A and

centroidal axis passes through the same
point are called.
eg.: Rectangular section, circular sections.
Plastic bending is a nonlinear behavior
particular to members made of ductile
materials that frequently achieve much
greater ultimate bending strength than
indicated by a linear elastic bending
analysis.
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Theory of Plasticity
It is the branch of mechanics that investigates
the deformation of solids beyond the elastic
limits.
It studies the macroscopic properties of plastic
solids and deals with methods for the
determination of the distribution of stresses
and deformations in solids that undergo plastic
deformation.

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 The theory of plasticity
It is concerned with a number of different types of
problems. It deals with the behavior of metals at
strains where Hookes law is no longer valid.

From the viewpoint of design, plasticity is concerned

with predicting the safe limits for use of a material
under combined stresses.
Plasticity is also concerned with understanding the
mechanism of plastic deformation of metals.
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Plastic bending: (Assumptions)
1. Plane cross-section of a beam remain plane after
bending.
2. The material is isotropic.
3. In tension and compression, the material has the same
value of yield point stress in below or above the N.A.

`
Fig: Stress strain diagram of Mild steel
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 The Moment Of Resistance At A Plastic Hinge.
The diagram shows the variations in Stress and Strain in a beam of symmetrical
cross section subjected to a working load.

a) Using the formula from the Simple Theory of Bending, Stress and Strain are proportional
to the distance from the Neutral Axis.

(b) The load has been increased so that the extreme fibres Yield and the beam is in a
partial Plastic state. Note that fy is the lower Yield Stress.

c) The Load is increased further until a fully Plastic State is obtained. It is now assumed
that the stress fy is uniform over the whole cross section.
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Modeling of Metal Forming and Machining Processes

Classical Theory of Plasticity: In metal forming processes,

the material is deformed plastically to obtain the desired
shape.
On the other hand, in machining processes, the desired shape
is achieved by removing the material in the form of chips.
In machining of ductile materials, a significant amount of
plastic deformation takes place before the chips fracture.
To estimate the external forces required for achieving the
desired shape, it is necessary to determine the plastic
deformation and the stresses developed due to this
deformation.

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Consider the fully plastic condition, the beam is stressed
to the yield point, those above the neutral axis being in
compression and below the neutral axis being in tension
as shown in fig.

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 A1 = A2 = A / 2 Eq. 2

Where y1 and y2 are the distances from plastic centroids.

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*6.10 INELASTIC BENDING
Plastic moment (Shape factor)
Beams used in steel buildings are sometimes
designed to resist a plastic moment. The codes
usually list a design property called the shape
factor: k = M /M Equation 6-33
P Y

The k-value specifies the additional moment

capacity a beam can support beyond its maximum
elastic moment.

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Shape factor of Rectangular cross section

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Shape factor of Circular cross section

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