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CALCULATION(UNIT 1)
INTRODUCTION AND INDUCTION TEST=10
EXAMPLES (1 HOUR)
UNITS OF LENGTH, WEIGHT, TEMPERATURE,
PRESSURE (0.5 HOUR)
AREA AND VOLUME ( 1 HOUR)
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM==DEMONSTRATION (0.5
HOUR)
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS==
DEMONSTRATION (0.5 HOUR)
PRACTICE= 10 EXAMPLES ( 0.5 HOUR)
INTRODUCTION TO
UNITS(LENGTH)
1m = 100 cm 2.5 m= 2500 mm
1m = 1000 mm 25300mm=25.3m
THEN, AREA = 10 * 6 = 60 CM
3. CIRCLE :
AREA OF CIRCLE =
/4 * D D
WHERE D= DIAMETER OF THE CIRCLE
SECTOR OF CIRCLE= * D *
4*360
D
AREA
4. TRIANGLE: H
AREA OF TRIANGLE = B* H
WHERE B = BASE OF TRIANGLE
H = HEIGHT OF TRIANGLE B
5. CYLINDER:
D h
AREA OF CYLINDER
=*D*h
WHERE h = HEIGHT OF CYLINDER
D = DIAMETER OF CYLINDER
AREA
EXAMPLES: 10
A1 20 A2 A3
40
TOTAL AREA OF ABOVE FIGURE
= A1+A2+A3 (A1=HALF CIRCLE,A2=RECTANGLE,A3=2NOS OF TRIANGLE)
NOW A1= D/8 (HERE D=20) NOW A2=L*B (L=40,B=20)
A1 = 3.14159 x 20 / 8 A2=40*20
= 157.079 = 800
AREA OF A3 =2(*B*H) (B=20/2=10,H=10 ) NOW AREA OF ABOVE FIGURE
A3=2(0.5 *10*10)=2(50) =A1+A2+A3 = 314.159+800+100
=100 =1214.159
AREA
D1
2. AREA OF HOLLOW CYLINDER
= *( D1 - D2) HERE D1=3 m & D2=1.5 m D2
4
SO A = *(3-1.5) = 21.20 m
4 D1=3m
D2=1.5m
VOLUME
DEFINATION: A SPACE COVERED BY ANY OBJECT IS CALLED
VOLUME OF THAT OBJECT.
SOME USEFUL FORMULAS TO FINDOUT VOLUME
3. CYLINDER:
VOLUME OF CYLINDER
= CROSS SECTION AREA * LENGTH OF CYLINDER
D
VOLUME= D*H
H
WHERE;
D=DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER
H=LENGTH OF CYLINDER
VOLUME
H
4.PRISM OR TRIANGLE BLOCK :
WHERE
VOLUME = B H * L B= BASE OF R.A.TRIANGLE
H=HEIGHT OF R.A.TRIANGLE
L=LENGTH OF R.A.TRIANGLE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Y Z
TAN =FRONT SIDE /ADJACENT SIDE
= XY / YZ
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLES:
FOR TRIANGLE ABC FIND OUT VALUE OF
AND . A
25 mm
WE WILL FIND VALUE OF BY TANGENT FORMULA
SO
TAN = FRONT SIDE / ADJACENT SIDE
B 25 mm C
= AB / BC = 25/25 =1
TAN = 1
= INV TAN(1) = 45
NOW, WE WILL FIND AC BY USING SINE FORMULA
SIN = FRONT SIDE /HYPOTENUSE
= AB / AC
AC = AB / SIN = 25 / SIN45 =25 / 0.7071 = 35.3556mm
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLES:
WE WILL FIND VALUE OF BY COSINE FORMULA
A
SO
COS = ADJACENT SIDE / HYPOTENUSE
25 mm
= AB / AC = 25 / 35.3556
= 0.7071
= INV COS (0.7071) =45 B 25 mm C
PYTHAGORAS PRINCIPLE APPLICATION
X
PYTHAGORAS PRINCIPLE:
IN ANY RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE A SUM OF
ADJACENT SIDE SQUARE IS
ALWAYS EQUAL TO IT HYPOTENUSE SQUARE.
Y Z
XY + YZ = XZ
PYTHAGORAS PRINCIPLE APPLICATION
A
5
EXAMPLE : 3
PROOF OF THEORY
IN TRIANGLE ABC B 4 C
AB=3 , BC=4 AND AC=5
SO AC =AB + BC
=3 + 4 = 25
BY TAKING AC=5 SO AC = 25 IT MEANS THAT
LHS = RHS
FAB UNIT -1 TEST PAPER
1200mm
20mm
2500 mm
100mm
100 mm
300 mm
x r
WHAT IS THE VALUE OF x ?
Q-7. PYTHAGORAS
4000 mm
5000 mm
10000 mm
4200 mm
WHAT IS THE DISTANCE
60
BETWWEN TWO ROLLERS?
800
X
Q-9. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
X2
= 45
40
THK =60
2
18
=
X1 3
4200 mm
800
2150 mm
7800 mm
X
EXAMPLES :
WEIGHT CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT ITEMS:
RECTANGULAR PLATE
CIRCULAR PLATE
CIRCULAR PLATE WITH CUTOUT
CIRCULAR SECTOR
SHELL COURCE
Specific gravity for (i) C.S.= 7.86 g/cm3 (ii) S.S.=8.00 g/cm3
WEIGHT CALCULATION
EXAMPLES :
1. RECTANGULAR PLATE :
EXAMPLES :
2. CIRCULAR PLATE :
300cm
WEIGHT= V *SP. GRAVITY
VOLUME V= CROSS SECTION AREA*THK
= D *4 cm THK=4 cm
= *300 *4 cm
= 282743.33 cm
SO W= V*SP.GRAVITY
= 282743.33*7.86 gms
=2222362.5738 gms
= 2222.362 kgs
WEIGHT CALCULATION
EXAMPLES :
300cm
CIRCULAR PLATE WITH CUTOUT :
EXAMPLES :
CIRCULAR SECTOR:
r1
r2
WEIGHT OF CIRCULAR PLATE SEGMENT :
W = VOLUME *SP.GRAVTY.
NOW VOLUME = CROSS SEC.AREA * THK
= * r1 - r2 * * 2 cm r1=400 cm
360 r2=350 cm
= * (400 - 350 ) * 120 * 2 THK= 2cm
360 =120
= 78539.81 cm
NOW WEIGHT = V* SP .GRAVITY
= 78539.81 *7.86 gms
=617322.95 gms
= 617.323 kgs
WEIGHT CALCULATION
EXAMPLES :
SHELL COURCE :
W= V*SP.GRAVITY
V= *(OD - ID ) *LENGTH
HERE OD=400 + 10 =410cm
ID = 400 cm
LENGTH = 300 cm
SO V= *(410 - 400 ) *300 cm
=1908517.54 cm
NOW WEIGHT
W= V * SP. GRAVITY
=1908517.54 * 7.86 gms =15000947 gms
= 15000.947 kgs =@ 15 TON
WEP CALCULATION
SINGLE 'V'
IN GIVEN FIGURE TO FIND OUT
A B
DIST AB WE WILL USE
= 60 98 TANGENT LAW
100 TAN q / 2 =AB / BC
C 2 HERE AB= ?, BC = 98 , q / 2 = 30
3 TAN 30 = AB / 98
AB = TAN30 98 = 0.577 98
= 56.54 mm
WEP CALCULATION
DOUBLE 'V'
= 45 FOR DOUBLE V ALSO WE CAN CALCULATE
THK =60
40
DISTANCE BY SAME TRIGONOMETRY FORMULA
2 IN DOUBLE V THERE WILL BE TWO TYPES
18
1. EQUAL V
=
2. 2/3 rd &1/3 rd.
3
T JOINT
IN T JOINT ALSO BY TAN FORMULA
WE CAN FIND WEP DIMENSIONS:
40THK
= = AC=20 , = 5 , AB = ?
TAN = AB / AC
B
C
= 50
A AB = 20 C TAN 5
AB = 23.83
WEP CALCULATION
COMPOUND 'V'
= 10
IN SUCH KIND OF COMPOUND V WE
56 ALWAYS DO MACHINING AND M/C IT
THK=70
SELF TAKE CARE OF ALL CALCULATION
= 45
R.G.= 3
WELD METAL WEIGHT CALCULATION
3 1
=60 NOW A1= 2/3 C H C BEAD WIDTH
3 2 A1 = 2/3 C .3 C cm =1.2 cm
50
4
3
2
NOW A2 =A3
1.CROSSECTION AREA OF JOINT A2 = 1/2 *B*H = 0.5 * B *4.7 cm
A = A1 +A2 +A3 +A4 HERE B= 47 TAN30 =2.713CM
A2 = 0.5*2.713 * 4.7 cm
= 6.38 cm
A3 = 6.38 cm
Bulb bar
Marking 1000+(+1) mm
Measuring 1001- (+1) mm error
Actual 1000 mm
Tape 02 (-1 mm error)
Bulb bar
Marking 1000+(-1) mm
Measuring 999 - (-1) mm error
Actual 1000 mm
Circumference calculation
A
Offset calculation
A
Orientation marking
Y X
Tolerances
Y
Tolerances
Y
Chord length
A C B
60 R
CALCULATION PRACTICE
Add ERROR.
I.e. 3500mm +2
2 If
24mm 3200mm
3
550
44mm
6600mm
24
60mm
21
5 X1
S2
X2
3500mm 0 4000mm
60
Y1 600mm Y2
94 90
16mm
42mm
Section 2
18mm
Theoretical surface
8000mm ID
7900mm
27mm 27mm
EXAMPLE :
AB= 1500 mm
AC = CD =1510 mm
BC =173.5 mm
ED = 1495 mm
E D
BE = ?
A
BASED ON PYTHAGORAS THEORY B
IN TRIANGLE CED CE + ED = CD
CE = CD - ED = 1510 -1495 T.L
CE = 212.3 mm C
NOW CE =CB + BE
BE = CE - CB = 212.3 - 173.5
= 38.8 mm
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4000
Sling Angle Calculation.
2000
CALCULATIONS
Sin = x/y
x = 2000 & y = 5000
= 23.5 0
2 = 23.5 * 2 = 470
M/Cing Allowances
2106 dia.(min.)
2100 dia.
8 (min.)
5
1894 dia.(max.)
1900 dia.
MACHINING ALLOWANCE CALCULATION
650
30 600 30
7 7
0 1
0 0
Machining Allowance
FAB UNIT -1 TEST PAPER
1200mm
20mm
2500 mm
100mm
100 mm
300 mm
x r
WHAT IS THE VALUE OF x ?
Q-7. PYTHAGORAS
4000 mm
5000 mm
10000 mm
4200 mm
WHAT IS THE DISTANCE
60
BETWWEN TWO ROLLERS?
800
X
Q-9. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
X2
= 45
40
THK =60
2
18
=
X1 3
4200 mm
800
2150 mm
7800 mm
X
SEGMENT ANGLE = 45
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
ORIENTATION MARKING
MARKING ON SHELL
ORIENTATION = 237
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
WEP MARKING
SHELL THICKNESS = 32 MM
ROOT FACE = 2 MM
ROOT GAP = 3 MM
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
HOLES MARKING ON
FLANGE
PLATE OD = 800 MM
PLATE ID = 450 MM
P.C.D. = 600 MM
NO. OF HOLES = 16 NOS.
DIA. OF HOLES= 32 MM