DIFFERENT

BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 Metaphysic
s

Different
branches
logic of
epistemology
philosphy

ethics
Study of knowledge
Study the nature and the scope of the knowledge

What is knowledge?
Tripartite definition knowledge is justified true
belief
Gettier counterexamples to the tripartite definition
(Edmund Gettier)
Causal theory of knowledge (Alvin Goldman, 1961)
Sources of knowledge
Perception

Reason

Introspection

Memory

Testimony

Process of acquiring knowledge

Empiricism knowledge is obtained through
experience
Rationalism knowledge is obtained through the use
of reason
 METAPHYSICS
Is a study of existence of nature & origins
of the world
It is the study of being or reality.

exp: What is the nature of reality? Is

there a God? What is man's place in the
universe?
.
ontology: The study of being &
existance; classification of entities,
physical or mental, the nature of
their properties, and the nature of
change.
Natural theology: The study of a
God & Gods; based on observed
facts & experience apart from
divine revelation.
 Logic

The formal systematic study of the principles of valid

inference correct reasoning
It tries to avoid imaginary or assumptions without real
logical proof
Inductive Logic Types of Logic Deductive Logic

Starts with specific details, Starts with general conclusion

followed by reasoning and followed by relevant examples
general conclusion and logical details

Can be valid or invalid Stated in the form of a

syllogism

"All men are mortal; Socrates is

a man; Therefore Socrates is
mortal."
ETHICS ( MORAL PHILOSOPHY )
involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong
behavior
3 major areas of study in ethics :
Meta-ethics
Normative ethics
Applied ethics
META-ETHICS
the branch of ethics that seeks to understand the
nature of ethical properties, statements,
attitudes, and judgments.
Understanding moral thought, talk, and practice
and their truth values may be determined.
NORMATIVE ETHICS
believes that right and wrong are found in an
individuals behaviour.
The behaviours being judged by Normative
Ethics are actions that have already occurred and
are then being interpreted by the observer.
APPLIED ETHICS
term used to describe attempts to use
philosophical methods to identify the morally
correct course of action in various fields of human
life.
example of applied ethics :
Science and technology ethics
Animal welfare ethics
 http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/EPISTEMI.html
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/#S
OU