First Order & First Degree Ordinary

Differential Equation
Prepared By:-
Enrollment No. 130350106023 ( Civil Engineering )

Guided By:-
PROF. DIPESH M. BHOGAYATA
First Order & First Degree
Differential Equation

INTRODUCTION :-
Differential equations are of fundamental
importance in engineering because most of the physical laws
and relations appear mathematically are in the form of
differential equations.
Definition of differential equation
An equation involving differential coefficients is called a
differential equation.

dy = sinx dx.(1)
z/ x + z/ y =0.(2)

are differential equations.

Classification of differential equations

(1) ordinary differential equations

(2) partial differential equations

 The order and the degree of a differential
equation
The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest
derivative appearing in the differential equation.

The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest

derivative ,when the derivatives are free from redicals and
fraction.

for example,
dy = sinx dx .(1)

equation 1 is first order and first degree equation.

Solution of a differential equation

A solution of a differential equation is a

relation between the variables, which is a free
from derivatives and which setisfies the
defferential equation.

for example
y=A cos x + B sin x ..(1)
is a solution of
dy/dx + y =0 .(2)
Formation of a differential equation
Ordinary differential equations are formed by
elimination of arbitrary constant.
To eliminate two arbitrary constants , we require two
more equations besides the given equation ,leading us to
second order derivatives and hence a differential
equation of the second order.
In general , elimination of n arbitrary constants will give
rise to a differential of the nth order.
solution of differential equation of the
first order and first degree
Four types of method are following.

Equation In which variables are separable.

Homogeneous equation.
Linear equation.
Exact equation.
Variable separable form

If a differential equation of the first order and first degree can

be put in the form.

F(x) dx + F(y) dy = 0

then it is called variable separable equation.

Homogeneous equation

An equation of the form dy/dx= F(x,y)/F(x,y)

is called a homogeneous differential equation if
F(x,y) and F(x,y) are homogeneous functions of
the same degree in x and y.
Method of solution:

I. put y = vx there for dy/dx = v+ x dv/dx

II. Separate the variables in the new equation
formed and solve.
 Exact differential equations

An equation of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0

is called exact if,
M/y = N/x
method of solution is follow:
I. Integrate M with respect to x keeping y as constant.
II. Integrate only those terms of N with respect to y,
which do not contain x.
III. Equate the sum of this result is the required
solution.
Non exact differential equation
An equation of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
is called non exact if,
M/Y N/X

five rules for finding integrating factors .

RULE 1:- if Mx+Ny 0 and the equation is homogeneous,
then 1/Mx+Ny is an I.F

RULE 2 :-If Mx Ny 0 & equation can be written in the

form F(xy)y dx +F(xy)x dy = 0 then 1/Mx-Ny is an I.F

RULE 3 : - for the equation Mdx+Ndy = 0 if

1/N(M/Y - N/X ) is a function of x alone, say f(x)
then find I.F

RULE 4 :- for the equation Mdx+Ndy = 0 if

1/M(N/Y - M/X ) is a function of y alone, say g(y)
then find I.F
Linear differential equation

A differential equation is said to be linear if the

dependent variable and its derivative occur only
in the first degree and are not multiplied
together.

The form of the L.D.E of the first order is

dy/dx + Py = Q