Finite element method for structural dynamic and

stability analyses

Assignments

Prof C S Manohar
Department of Civil Engineering
IISc, Bangalore 560 012 India

1
Problem 1. Formulate the equation of motion for the systems shown below. Do not assume small
displacements.

l1
k a
l l
Hinge

l2 2 2
l
m1 l

m2

The bars are rigid.

This system is available
in the dynamics lab.
2
Problem 2
A beam with circular cross section fixed at one end and on roller at the
other is hinged in between as shown in figure below. Deduce the equation of motion
for the beam and obtain the appropriate boundary conditions.

45 0

L1 L2
Problem 3
Derive the equation of motion and appropriate BCs for the beam that rotates about the
y-axis as shown in figure below.

The beam rotates about the y -axis

 Problem 4

t k

EI , m, l EI , m, l

8 EI
EI 10 Nm ; m 100 kg/m; l 2.5m; k
8 2
Nm/rad
l
Support displacement t cos t ; damping ratio for all modes=0.03.
System is initially at rest.
For the system shown
formulate the governing equation of motion using 2D Euler Bernoulli
beam elements,
determine the natural frequencies, and
estimate the maximum midspan translation of the left span in the steady state.
Problem 5 Derive the equation of motion for the system shown in
figure below using Hamilton's principle. Furthermore, using a one-element
finite element discretization, investigate the dependence of the fundamental
natural frequency on the axial load P.

P
EI , m, l
Problem 5 The system shown in figure below, consists of a flexible
section AB and a rigid section BC. Set up the governing
equation of motion using FEM. By eliminating the rotation dof in terms
of translation using static condensation, estimate the amplitude of beam displacement
at x 0.5l under resonant condition. Assume 5% modal damping. It is given that
the support displacement t 0 exp it . The rigid section of the beam may be
taken to be massless.

Rigid section
A
EI , m, l B C
t x P

l a
Problem 6 The plane frame shown in figure below is made up of elements with
following properties: E =210 GPa, =7800 kg/m3 , A 4 102 m 2 , and
I =1.2 10-6 m 4 . The udl that the member BC carries is suddenly removed.
It is required to investigate the ensuing vibrations. Develop a FE model to
tackle this problem. The system can be taken to be undamped. Estimate the
maximum joint displacements by using a one mode approximation. It is
acceptable if the modal frequency is evaluated approximately.

2.5 m q
B C

2m 4.5 m
Problem 7. For the structure shown below, formulate the governing equation of motion. The discretization
scheme shown in figure on the next slide needs to be adopted. Obtain the natural frequencies and mode
shapes. The beam is traversed by a concentrated load P=Mg with a velocity 120 kmph. Using the free
vibration results obtained in the preceding step, and by using a one mode approximation, estimate the
maximum midspan displacement.

M K
v x, t

L, EI x , m x
a

b
L=3 m; E =210 GPa; =7800 kg/m3 ; a L / 3; b 3L / 4
Beam cross section (rectangular): width=0.1 m; depth=0.2 m
mL 2 EI
M ;K
2 L

9
 1 3 M 7
5
s2 s4
s 1
2
4 s 3 6 s 5
8
9
a
u1 0, u7 0, u9 0
b

Problem 8. Consider the beam structure as in problem 7. Formulate the governing PDE for the system. By
employing a three term series solution in terms of trigonometric trial functions, and by using Galerkins
approximation deduce the discretized equation of motion. Compare the prediction from this model with the
results from the FE model in problem 7.

. Problem 9. Consider the beam structure as in problem 7. The spring element at x=b, is suddenly removed at
t=t*. Analyse the ensuing oscillations. It may be assumed that the structure is acted upon by gravity.

10
Problem 10

Obtain the damped eigensolutions (natural frequencies and mode shapes) for the system
shown below. Demonstrate the orthogonality properties satisfied by these functions.
Derive the matrix of impulse response functions and frequency response functions.
Plot the receptance, mobility, and accelerance functions (Bodes and Nyquists diagrams).

x1 x2 x3

k 1.5k 3k c k
2m m 1.5m

k 105 N/m
m=1000 kg
c =3000 Ns/m
11
 Problem 11

The grid structure shown in figure on the next slide is to be analyzed

to understand its dynamic behavior. Using a suitable
(simple) discretization scheme, formulate the equation of
motion. By retaining translation along z direction at O
as the master dof, and by eliminating the twists using static
condensation, estimate the fundamental natural frequency
of the system.
 z
y

A x
O
A B
900 A A
D

View along
A-A

All members
B =0.2 m; D =0.3 m; l =3.0 m;
E =210 GPa; =7800 kg/m3 ; 0.25
13
 Problem 12

For the 3D frame shown on the next slide

obtain the governing equation of motion.
Use the discretization scheme as shown.
Eliminate the rotation degrees of freedom by using static
condensation and hence obtain the reduced equation of motion.
Find the natural frequencies and eigenvectors for the reduced system.
Uncouple the equations of motion and, using Newmark's method,
obtain the time histories of system response
for the case of (a) f t cos100 t , and (b) f (t ) U (t ).
Proportional viscous damping with constant damping modal ratio of 0.03
for all modes can be assumed. The system can be taken to start from rest.
 O f (t )

D C

A
B
Figure 1 Figure 2

Coordinates (m) y
E=210 10 N/m
9 2
O 1.5, 4,1.75
=7800 kg/m 3
A 0, 0,3.5 D
=0.25; x
B 3, 0,3.5
B=0.2 m
C 3, 0, 0 B z
D=0.2 m D 0, 0, 0 15
Problem 13

For the system considered in problem 10, obtain the elements of the first
row of the matrix of impulse response functions by numerical integration
of the governing equation using:

(a) Eulers forward method,

(b) Eulers backward method,
(c) Central difference method,
(d) Newmark beta method, and
(e) HHT-alpha method.

In each case discuss how you have chosen the algorithmic parameters.
Using the exact solutions obtained in problem 10, analyse the accuracy of the solutions
obtained.
Problem 14
Problem 15
Problem 16 An all round simply supported rectangular plate is
traversed by a transverse concentrated load P cos t which moves
along the circle shown such that it completes N revolutions per s.
The plate could be taken to viscously damped. Formulate the problem
using FEM and discuss the steady state behavior of the plate.
y

radius r

x
0, 0 a

19
Problem 17. Analyse the plate structure shown for its natural
frequencies and compare the results obtained with the exact solutions
provided. a


h 50 mm x0
E 210 GPa xa
x
7800 kg/m 3 y
3 2
a 2m x 2a a
y 3
3 3

Exact natural frequencies

2
mn
4a 2 m 2
mn n 2
D
h 30o
Leissa, 1969, pp.106-107 All edges simply supported
Problem 18. The beam-column AC is loaded as shown below by two static loads P and Q.
The load Q Is suddenly removed. Analyse the ensuing oscillations and its stability.

A

0.5l

B Q

P
0.5l

C
Problem 19. Investigate the influence of load P on the first two natural frequencies
of the Euler-Bernoulli beam shown below.

3P P

22
Problem 20
P

P 0.3m
2 3m 0.2m
E 210 GPa
4m =7800 kg/m3

40 0

Determine critical value of P.

Plot the axial thrust diagram at the critical loading condition
Plot the corresponding buckling mode shape

23
Problem 21. Analyse the beam column problem shwon below using FEM
and compare FE solutions with the exact solutions

Q
A B
P P

l c c

Qc
RA Q l c
l RB
l

24
Problem 22
A cantilever beam is supported through a cable
and carries an axial load P and a transverse
load Q as shown below. Determine the critical
value of P. Determine the beam response
when the axial load is half of the critical load.
Problem 23
Consider an Euler-Bernoulli beam element resting on a Winkler's
foundation. Develop the elastic and geometric stiffness matrices
for the element. Using the element thus developed determine
the critical load for a simply supported beam and compare
the solutions with analytical solutions obtained in
Lecture 31 (slide 41)
Problem 24. Refer to the discussion on behaviour of circular arch under uniform pressure
(Lecture 32). Analyse the structure using FEM and compare the solutions obtained
with analytical solutions.

S
S
R

27
Problem 25. Refer to Lecture 32 and the governing equations for a stack subjected to bi-axial
Earthquake ground motions and effect of self-weight. Starting from the governing PDE,
develop a FE model for the structure.

d
A
m g y g t d
h

y

yg t
x

xg t 28
Problem 24. Extend the FE analysis presented in Lecture 34 for the vehicle-structure
Interactions for the problem shown below.

ms
kv1 cv1 kv 2 cv 2

mu1 mu 2

EI , m, c, l

y x, t

Vehicles and the beam interact

29
Problem 25. Consider the discussion on behaviour of pipe conveying fluid presented in
Lecture 34. Formulate the problem using FEM. Investigate the role played by damping
of the beam structure.

v v
x
A
y x, t
Do , Di
EI , m, c, l

fluid density
p = pressure
v =velocity of flow
Problem 26. For the structure considered in problem 4, determine the
sensitivity of the first two natural frequencies and mode shapes with
respect to EI, m and the coupling spring.