Selected Police Models

LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829

 Henry Fielding
Appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the
first detective force, known as the
Bow Street Runners
Bow Runners

A group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his

brother John Fielding task to catch thieves and robbers
identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown

Made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes

handed over to them by the volunteer constables and
watchmen
1798 = Marine Police Force was established, salaried constables
were being paid by local magistrates.

initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000

registered dock workers, and was responsible for preventing
the theft of cargo.
widely regarded as being the first modern police force in the
world, in the sense that they were not government controlled
and were responsible for the prevention of crime.
LONDON 1829
Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822

METROPOLITAN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert

Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)

the largest of the police services that operate in greater London

(the others include the City of London Police and the British
Transport Police)
finest police force around the world.

TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police

 Sir Robert Peel
appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
IMPORTANT DATES

1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd

disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan Police with
controversial use of force.

1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse

Patrol into its control.

1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners

into the Metropolitan Police and the disbandment of the Bow
Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put
into effect.
 Administration Policing Principles of London Metropolitan
Police
1. Stable and effective civil police under government
control
2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency
3. Fast distribution of crime news to the police is essential.

Commissioner = highest rank in the Metropolitan Police

Police Constable = lowest rank
Contributions of the French in Policing
Assigning house numbers
Installing street lights
Use of police ambulances
Use of warrant card and ID signifying the authority to arrest
UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEM
TYPES OF US POLICE

1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country

police departments, sheriff departments.

Types of Local Police

a. County Sheriff = in charged with the operation of county jail,
civil function such as service of eviction notices and other court
orders and police responsibility.
b. City Police = most common local police organization. It has
jurisdiction in matters that occur in an incorporated municipality.

2. State Police = includes special investigative agencies that

concentrate on statewide law enforcement

3. Federal Police = agencies operated by federal government at

the national level
Some Federal Agencies Having Police Functions

a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of Penal

Statutes

Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of Justice)

- investigates all violations of federal law except when the
enforcement authority was given to other specific federal agency

United States Secret Service (Department of Treasury)

- concerned with investigation of counterfeiting, forging or
altering of any of the money or other securities of the U.S. It is
also in charged of the protection of the president and his family,
and of the executive mansion grounds
 Bureau of Narcotics (Department of Treasury)
- investigated all violations of federal law relating to
prohibited drugs

Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of Justice)

- investigates all violations of immigration and naturalization
laws, patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry of aliens.
b. Protection of the National Revenue

Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue

- investigation of violations of income tax laws

Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue

- violations of internal revenue laws

Division of Investigation and Patrol, Bureau of Customs

- investigates smuggling activities and enforces customs
and navigation laws.

Private Police
- additional police protection made by employing sworn
officers through contract when they are not officially on duty
Two Basic Forms of Private Police

a. Proprietary Police = when a person wish to receive service,

he hires and security personnel directly

b. Contract Security = services of an independent security

company
U.S. Police Agencies

New York City = it is where the first full time police force was
organized in the United States

New York Police Department = the largest police force in the

United States

Texas Ranger = police force originally created in response to

colonization

Boston Police Department = first local modern police

department established in the United States

Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency

established

Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired the first
female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells
Alice Stebbins Wells
The United States police rank model is generally quasi-military in
structure. Although the large and varied number of federal, state,
and local police departments and sheriff's office have different
ranks, a general model, from highest to lowest rank, would be:
Chief of Police/Police
Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff
Deputy Chief of Police/Deputy Commissioner/Deputy
Superintendent/Undersheriff
Inspector/Commander/Colonel
Major/Deputy Inspector
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Detective/Inspector/Investigator
Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal
 CANADA
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

colloquially known as Mounties and internally as The

Force

is the national police force of Canada and one of the most

recognized of its kind in the word being a national, federal,
provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920
by the Merger of Royal Northwest Mounted Police(1873)
with the Dominion Police (1868).

headed by the Commission under the direction of the

Minister of Public Safety Canada.

Commissioner = highest rank in the RCMP

Constable 4th class = lowest rank
 AUSTRALIA
Australia Federal Police
AUSTRALIA

Australian Police = a progressive and multi-faceted law

enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight
against 21st century crime.

Commissioner = highest rank

Constable = lowest rank
 HONGKONG
Hong Kong Police Force
HONGKONG

Hong Kong Police Force

is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau

of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police
agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed
on 1 May 1844.

in 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the

Hong Kong Police Force for their handling of the Hong Kong
1967 riots renaming them: the Royal Hong Kong Police
Force. Following the transfer of sovereignty, the Force is once
again named the Hong Kong Police Force
Structure HKPF

The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police,

who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner Operations = supervises all
operational matters including crime and
b. Deputy Commissioner Management = is responsible
for the direction and coordination of force management including
personnel, training, and management services.

Police Constable- the lowest rank of HKPF

Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care

The Hong Kong Police Force is organized into Six Regions:
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon East
Kowloon West
New Territories North
New Territories South
Marine Region

The Force Headquarters (Management) is made up of five

departments:
Operations & Support
Crime & Security
Personnel & Training
Management Services
Finance, Administration and Planning
Hong Kong Police College

The responsible for all matters relating to training within the

Hong Kong Police except internal security, Auxiliary and Marine
Police training. Training provided by the Police College includes
recruit and continuation training, crime investigation training,
police driver training and weapon tactics training. The
information technology training, command training, local and
overseas management training, some specialist courses and
periodic courses on firearms and first aid are also provided by
the Police College.
Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading initiatives
to improve services provided to force customers both external and
internal. The wing comprises three branches:
Performance Review,
Research and Inspections
and Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)

Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II) = includes the

Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees the
investigation and successful resolution of all complaints made
both externally and internally against members of the force.
For Inspector
Academic Requirements
Hong Kong degree, or equivalent; or
An accredited Associate Degree from Hong Kong tertiary institution / A Higher Diploma
from a Hong Kong polytechnic / polytechnic university, or a Diploma from a registered
post-secondary college awarded after the date of its registration, or equivalent; or
A pass in two subjects at Advanced Level in the Hong Kong Advanced Level
Examination (2A) plus three other subjects at Grade C or above in the HKCEE (3O), or a
combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE)
subjects of Level 3 in New Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects, Attained with Distinction
in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects) and
Grade C in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.

For Police Constable

Academic Requirements

Five passes or above, which may include Chinese Language and English Language, in
the HKCEE, or a combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary
Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in New Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects,
Attained in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL
subjects) and Grade E in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
Selection Processes For Inspector
Written Examination
Extended Interview
Psychometric Test
Final Interview Board
Physical Fitness Test
Integrity Checks and Medical Examination
Appointment

Selection Processes for Police Constable

Physical Fitness Test
Group Interview
Psychometric Test
Final Interview Board
Basic Law Test
Integrity Checks and Medical Examination
Appointment
RANKS OF HKPF

Commissioner of Police (CP)

Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP)
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP)
Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)
Superintendent of Police (SP)
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP)
Senior Inspector of Police (SIP)
Inspector of Police (IP)
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI)
Station Sergeant (SSGT)
Sergeant (SGT)
Senior Constable (SPC)
Police Constable (PC)
 TAIWAN
Taiwan Police Force
TAIWAN
TAIWAN POLICE FORCE = is the unified police force of taiwan
= under the supervision of NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
which is directly under the MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
= under effective civilian control

FUNCTIONS
to maintain public order,
2) to protect social security,
3) to prevent all dangers, and
) to promote the welfare of all people.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE IN TAIWAN

1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who

are required to wear uniforms to carry out duties of household
visits, patrolling, raid, guarding, duty officer, and reserves.
2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are to
keep traffic order, to ensure traffic safety, to prevent traffic
accidents, and to smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting
the Central Government, establishing contingent plans and
assisting local and specialized police units in maintaining public
order.
4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the
criminal investigation police are to prevent and detect crimes.
5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run
enterprises and public facilities like railways, highways, airports,
harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
 Ranks of Taiwan Police Force

Rank Insignia
Police Rank 4 One Star on One Horizontal Bar
Police Rank 3 Two Stars on One Horizontal Bar
Police Rank 2 Three Stars on One Horizontal Bar
Police Rank 1 Four Stars on One Horizontal Bar
Police Officer Rank 4 (Inspector)(Sub-
One Star on Two Horizontal Bars
Lieutenant)
Police Officer Rank 3 (Senior
Two Stars on Two Horizontal Bars
inspector)(Captain)
Police Officer Rank 2 (Superintendent) Three Stars on Two Horizontal Bars

Police Officer Rank 1 (Senior Superintendent)
Police Supervisor Rank 4 (Superintendent
General)
Police Supervisor Rank 3
Four Stars on Two Horizontal Bars
One Star on Three Horizontal Bars
Two Stars on Three Horizontal Bars

Police Supervisor Rank 2 Three Stars on Three Horizontal Bars

Police Supervisor Rank 1 Four Stars on Three Horizontal Bars

Police Supervisor Rank Supreme (Police General)

 MYANMAR
The People's Police Force
MYANMAR
Myanmar Police Force

formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese:

Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)

established in 1964 as independent department under

Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganized on 1 October
1995.
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three
additional State/Division Police Forces
Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four
components
Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police
Force
Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
Police Stations
TRAINING CENTERS

1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force

2. No.1 Police Training Depot = undertakes Basic Training

Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years; Warrant Officer and Police
Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training Course for
Constables for 6 Month

3. No. 2 Police Training Depot = undertakes only Basic Training

Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6 months to
complete.
 INDONESIA
Indonesian National Police
INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM

Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republika

Indonesia) = is the official police force of Indonesia
= organized 1946
= also known as Polri

Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian

National Police located in KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta,
Indonesia
POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES

1. Kepolisian Daerah or polda = provincial police

2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city police
4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police
SPECIAL BRANCHES

1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to

deal with mass demonstrations
= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization
operations and providing security for VIP and vital facilities
2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special
anti-riot training

3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace

4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations

5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea

6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism

POLICE RECRUIT VOLUNTEERS

At least sixth-grade education and should pass the competitive

examination.
After 3 years, personnel with junior secondary diploma could
enter into training to become NCO.

RANKING SYSTEM OF POLRI

Police General = equivalent of Director General of PNP

Second Bhayangkara = equivalent of police officer 1 of the PNP
 MALAYSIAN
Royal Malaysian Police
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja
Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysia.
= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
= The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund,
discipline, duties and powers of the police force is specified and
governed by the Police Act 1967

Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair And

Prudent
RMP Organizations
1. Management Department = the Management Department is
tasked with the routine of management and administration affairs
of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP
and acts as the support services platform for the rest of the force.
2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several
equipments needed in RMP
3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation,
arrest and prosecution of hard crimes (murder, robbery, rape etc)
and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc).
= This department also specializes in gambling, vice and
secret societies (triads)
Branches of Criminal Investigation Division
D1 Administrative Division
D2 Criminal Record Registration
D3 Internal Affairs
D4 Statistics
D5 Prosecution and Law Divisions
D6 Technical Assistance Division
D7 Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
D8 Investigation Division / Planning
D9 Special Investigation Division
D10 Forensic Laboratory Division
D11 Sexual Investigation Division
D12 National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division
4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this department's
function is to fight against dangerous drugs by enforcing the
law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous
drugs.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible
for traffic control and Search & Rescue (SAR) operations
6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and
was a para-military units of the Royal Malaysia Police. Also known
as the Jungle Squad
= established in 1948
7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP
responsible in counter-terrorism operations
8. UNGERIN = Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) (Marine Combat
Unit) was established in 2006 and it was fully operational by the
end of 2007
= first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing
need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside the coastal area of
Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which
were continuously widespread from time to time despite various
efforts done to overcome the problem
= members received training from U.S
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay: Pasukan Simpanan
Persekutuan)
= its role is riot suppression, crowd control, disaster
relief & rescue, as well as special operations assistance
10. C4-i Implementations System = (abbreviation for
Command, Control, Communications, Computer-Integrated) =
based at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in
Malaysia.
= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs.
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan
Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order and coordinating
search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and
on the high seas
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM
(UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police with a vital role
in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and
patrol from the air
13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for
collecting intelligence for national security
14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic
15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this
department's main function is to investigate, arrest, and prosecute
offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of
trust, cyber-crimes, forgery, counterfeiting etc
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol
on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve
in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day
function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also
employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and
height advantage
RANKS OF RMP
INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF POLICE = equivalent of
director general (Philippines)
POLICE CONSTABLE = equivalent of police officer 1
(Philippines)
 SINGAPORE
Singapore Police Force
Singapore
Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the
heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency task with the
maintaining law and order in the city-state. It is formerly known as
Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15)
and line functions (13) roughly modeled after the military.
Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena. The highest rank
is Commissioner of Police and the lowest is Police
Constable.
Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution of the SPF
Recruitment/training
High school graduates who were interested in law enforcement
as a career can be recruited and those who are selected for
officers had to be approved by the Public Service Commission.
Career development course were encouraged for officer and
senior officers are required to travel oversees for training such
as in Police Staff College in Britain, FBI Natl Academy in US
and Police Academy in Japan.
Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will be placed
on a one year probation period.
RANKS OF SPF
Commissioner of Police = equivalent of director general in the
Philippines
Constable = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
 JAPAN
Japan National Police Agency
JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM

Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs

to 1945)
Japanese Colonial Government = the one which organized the
first formal policing in China.
Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized
crime action.
ORGANIZATION OF NPA

1. National Public Safety Commission = a government body

responsible for the administrative supervision of the
police. Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister

2. Japan National Police Agency (NPA) = a totally gunless

police force, except for its special attack team.
Organizations Attached to the NPA
a. National Police Agency = provides training to police officers and
conduct academic research
b. National Research Institute of Police Science = conducts
research in police science
c. Imperial Guards = provides escort to the Emperor, Empress,
Crown Prince and other Imperial family.
= responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
3. Regional Police Bureau = exercise control and supervision
over regional police offices and provides support with the
prefectural police.
Director General = heads each Regional Bureau acting
upon orders from the Commission General of the NPA.

Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out

part of the NPAs functions. There are about 7 Bureaus in the
major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo,
Metropolitan Police department (headed by Superintendent
General) has long been established and shares the same
location with the NPA. Prefectural Police has the whole of
Hokkaido under its jurisdiction.
4. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) =
administrative commission functioning under the representative
system which supervise the prefectural police. Under the
Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though not empowered to give
order to the Commission.

5. Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation

near major transportation hubs and shopping areas and in
residential districts which forms the first line of police response to
the public.
= Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000
residential police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a single officer).
About 20 % of police is assigned to Koban.
Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential
police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a single officer). About 20 %
of police is assigned to Koban.
 CHINA
People's Armed Police
CHINA POLICE SYSTEM

Ministry of National Defense = is the top of the hierarchy with

judicial and public security agencies such as Ministry of Public
safety and the Ministry of State Security.

Ministry of Public Security= is the principal police authority of

the mainland of the Peoples Republic of China which oversee
the day to day law enforcement. (It is the equivalent of the
National Police Agency in Japan).

Ministry of State Security = the Chinese governments largest

and most active foreign intelligence agency, though it is also
involved in domestic security matters.
Kinds of police
1. Peoples Armed Police (PAP), 1980s deals with domestic
disturbances, acts as riot police and guards government
compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles border defense
but is called sometimes to back up local police.
2. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security,
prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies. Under
the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State
council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall
police system stationed in prisons and correction units. This is
under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and
order in courts and serving instruments and some also executing
death sentences.
5. Quasi parapolice (Cheng guan) = operate in many places and
hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions such as
collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.
Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a
year.
Central Military Commission = appoints police in China
Peoples Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of
the Rank promotion Examination for police officer.

RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA

Commissioner General = equivalent of Director General in the
PNP
Constable 2nd Class = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
 THAILAND
Royal Thai Police
THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM

Royal Thai Police = formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL

POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD)
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of
Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of the Prime
Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its
supreme head was changed from that of the Director-General of
the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai
Police

Royal Thai Police Headquarters = based in Bangkok

Police-General = highest rank of the Royal Thai Police
Policeman / Constable = lowest rank
 BRUNEI
Royal Brunei Police Force
BRUNEI POLICE SYSTEM

Royal Brunei Police Force (Polis Diraja Brunei PDRB)

created in 1921 which is responsible for keeping law and order
and providing law enforcement services throughout Brunei

Inspector-General of Police = highest rank

Lance Corporal = lowest rank
end