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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, flammable, and corrosive gas that is commonly found in oil and gas production operations. Exposure to H2S can cause eye irritation at 10 ppm, loss of sense of smell between 100-150 ppm, and respiratory failure and death at 700 ppm or above. Proper precautions such as engineering controls, gas detection, respiratory protection, training, and emergency response plans are needed to control hazards associated with potential H2S releases.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, flammable, and corrosive gas that is commonly found in oil and gas production operations. Exposure to H2S can cause eye irritation at 10 ppm, loss of sense of smell between 100-150 ppm, and respiratory failure and death at 700 ppm or above. Proper precautions such as engineering controls, gas detection, respiratory protection, training, and emergency response plans are needed to control hazards associated with potential H2S releases.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, flammable, and corrosive gas that is commonly found in oil and gas production operations. Exposure to H2S can cause eye irritation at 10 ppm, loss of sense of smell between 100-150 ppm, and respiratory failure and death at 700 ppm or above. Proper precautions such as engineering controls, gas detection, respiratory protection, training, and emergency response plans are needed to control hazards associated with potential H2S releases.
H2S HAZARDS H2S or hydrogen sulfide is one of the most common and serious hazards faced in the oil & gas industry.
H2S - Where Does It Occur?
H2S is naturally present in crude oil and as a by-product during the production and processing of oil and gas. It can also be produced during sewage and waste water treatment. H2S PROPERTIES
H2S GAS IS: Units:
Toxic Measurement unit: Colorless PPM = Parts Per Million Soluble 1% = 10,000PPM Heavier than air 1 ppm is equal to Flammable 1mm in 1 Km Explosive 1KD in 1000 000 KD Corrosive 1 second in 11 days . Odor rotten egg H2S EFFECTS of EXPOSURE 1ppm Sense of smell remains intact and can detect a rotten egg odor 5ppm This is the TLV-TWA (8 hrs) (TLV-Threshold Limit Value concentration to which a person can be exposed for 8 hours (TWA- Time Weighted Average) without breathing apparatus)
10ppm Eye irritation
15 PPM This is the (STEL) SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT
Maximum concentration to which a person can be exposed for 15 Minutes Only 4 Exposures permitted per work shift H2S EFFECTS of EXPOSURE 100ppm Eye inflammation, nausea & cough. Sense of smell becomes ineffectual within 3-15 minutes; this is the IDLH value (Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health)
500ppm Breathing difficulty, nervous system impairment
can result in tremors, numbness in extremities, convulsions, ability to reason is lost
fatal in few breaths! FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF H2S ON INDIVIDUALS Duration: the length of time the person is exposed to H2S Intensity: concentration of H2S the person is exposed to Individual Susceptibility: Physical (Eye, Respiratory and Anemia), mental conditions & Alcoholics. Frequency: How often the person is exposed to H2S
JOBS THAT COULD RESULT H2S RELEASE
Draining pumps Breaking flanges Collecting samples (produced water/crude oil) Draining flare knockout drums Replacing pressure gauge on oil service H2S Hazard Control 1. Engineering Measures 4. Effective Training Safe Design of Process Equipment leak or release of H2S Regular Equipment Maintenance Proper Ventilation H2S emergency response plan Control of Leaks Rescue procedures 2. Detection Emergency telephone numbers Areas with H2S to be monitored H2S alarms and warning lights Fixed-Area H2S Monitor Portable Gas Monitor Wind direction 3. Respiratory Protection Upwind/crosswind escape Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Instruction Air Supplied Breathing Apparatus Assembly Points/areas Emergency Escape bottle Air-monitoring devices SCBAs What precautions do we take when there is a possibility of H2S release?
1. MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL RELEASE
Ask the question: Do we need to do this job or can we do it another way? Drain to a closed system Thoroughly clean out vessels prior to opening up Water flush equipment prior to draining 2. JOB PLANNING AND EXECUTION Perform job safety analysis Work from upwind side of potential release location Keep H2S detector with you at all times Use the buddy system Wear SCBA or Air Supplied Breathing Apparatus as necessary 3. Immediate actions at the release time (10ppm H2S is present) Get to a safe area immediately Move up wind if release is downwind of you Move cross wind if release is upwind of you Move to higher ground if possible. RESCUE AND FIRST AID
Contact Emergency Dept immediately
Remove victim to fresh air If breathing stops commence artificial respiration/CPR Ensure medical examination