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Fluid Mechanics I Review

Introduction
What is Fluid?
Dimensions and Units. Systems of Units
Mass, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity
Viscosity
Compressibility of Fluids. Bulk Modulus.
Speed of Sound
Vapor Pressure
Surface Tension
Fluid Statics
Pressure at a point
Basic equation for pressure field
Pressure variation in a fluid at rest. Incompressible, compressible
fluid
Pressure measurement (gauge, absolute, atmospheric, vacuum).
Barometer
Manometry. Piezometer tube, U-tube manometer, differential
manometer, inclined tube manometer
Hydrostatic force on inclined plane and curved surfaces
Buoyancy, floatation and stability
Pressure variation in a fluid with rigid body motion
Bernoulli Equation
Streamline coordinates
F = ma normal to streamline
F = ma along streamline. Bernoulli Equation
Static, dynamic, stagnation ant total pressure
Fluid velocity measurement, Pitot-static tube
Use of Bernoulli equation
Free jets
Confined flows

Cavitation
Flow rate measurement
Restriction of use of the Bernoulli equation
Bernoullis 1738 treatise Hydrodynamica contains many excellent sketches of
flow patterns related to his frictionless relation. One, however, redrawn here as
Fig. P3.155, seems physically misleading. Can you explain what might be wrong
with the figure?
Bernoullis 1738 treatise Hydrodynamica contains many excellent sketches of
flow patterns related to his frictionless relation. One, however, redrawn here as
Fig. P3.155, seems physically misleading. Can you explain what might be wrong
with the figure?

Solution: If friction is neglected and the exit pipe is fully open, then pressure in the
closed piezometer tube would be atmospheric and the fluid would not rise at
all in the tube. The open jet coming from the hole in the tube would have V 2 gh
and would rise up to nearly the same height as the water in the tank.
Fluid Kinematics
Velocity field
Continuum hypothesis
Eulerian and Lagrangian flow description
One-, Two-, and Three- dimensional flows
Steady and unsteady flows
Stream lines, streaklines, and pathlines

Acceleration Field. Material derivative


Control Volume and System Representations
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Finite Control Volume Analysis
Continuity equation
Linear momentum and angular momemum equations
Energy equation
Similitude, Dimensional Analysis
and Modeling
Dimensional analysis
Buckingham Pi theorem
Common Dimensional groups in Fluid Mechanics
Correlation of experimental data
Modeling and similitude
Viscous Flow in Pipes
General characteristics of pipe flow
Fully developed laminar flow
Fully developed turbulent flow
Dimensional analysis of pipe flow
Moody chart
Minor losses

Pipe flowrate measurement

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