Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Introduction
What is Fluid?
Dimensions and Units. Systems of Units
Mass, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity
Viscosity
Compressibility of Fluids. Bulk Modulus.
Speed of Sound
Vapor Pressure
Surface Tension
Fluid Statics
Pressure at a point
Basic equation for pressure field
Pressure variation in a fluid at rest. Incompressible, compressible
fluid
Pressure measurement (gauge, absolute, atmospheric, vacuum).
Barometer
Manometry. Piezometer tube, U-tube manometer, differential
manometer, inclined tube manometer
Hydrostatic force on inclined plane and curved surfaces
Buoyancy, floatation and stability
Pressure variation in a fluid with rigid body motion
Bernoulli Equation
Streamline coordinates
F = ma normal to streamline
F = ma along streamline. Bernoulli Equation
Static, dynamic, stagnation ant total pressure
Fluid velocity measurement, Pitot-static tube
Use of Bernoulli equation
Free jets
Confined flows
Cavitation
Flow rate measurement
Restriction of use of the Bernoulli equation
Bernoullis 1738 treatise Hydrodynamica contains many excellent sketches of
flow patterns related to his frictionless relation. One, however, redrawn here as
Fig. P3.155, seems physically misleading. Can you explain what might be wrong
with the figure?
Bernoullis 1738 treatise Hydrodynamica contains many excellent sketches of
flow patterns related to his frictionless relation. One, however, redrawn here as
Fig. P3.155, seems physically misleading. Can you explain what might be wrong
with the figure?
Solution: If friction is neglected and the exit pipe is fully open, then pressure in the
closed piezometer tube would be atmospheric and the fluid would not rise at
all in the tube. The open jet coming from the hole in the tube would have V 2 gh
and would rise up to nearly the same height as the water in the tank.
Fluid Kinematics
Velocity field
Continuum hypothesis
Eulerian and Lagrangian flow description
One-, Two-, and Three- dimensional flows
Steady and unsteady flows
Stream lines, streaklines, and pathlines