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Cyanosis
Trauma puncture
Palpation (Feel)
Tracheal shift
Fracture costae
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothoracic
Auscultation (Listen)
Pneumothorac (breath sounds decreased in the trauma
area)
Detection of abnormal sounds to the chest
Management
Administration of high concentration
oxygen (nonrebreather mask 11-12 liters /
min)
Ventilation with Bag Valve Mask
Eliminates tension pneumothorax
Closes open pneumothorax
Installed a pulse oximeter
Circulation management
Checking the pulse (radialis or carotis)
Circulation with bleeding control
Assessment
Know the source of fatal external bleeding
Know the source of internal bleeding
Check the pulse: speed, quality, regularity,
pulsus paradoxus. The absence of pulsation
from large arteries is a sign of the need for
immediate massive resuscitation.
Check the skin color, recognize the signs of
cyanosis.
Check the blood pressure
Management
Direct emphasis on external sources of bleeding
Recognize internal bleeding, the need for surgical
intervention and consultation with the surgeon.
Install 2 large-sized IV catheters and take blood
samples for routine examinations, blood chemistry,
pregnancy tests (in women of childbearing age),
blood type and cross-match and Blood Gas Analysis
(BGA).
Give liquid crystalloid that has been warmed with fast
droplets.
Install PSAG / pneumatic splints for bleeding control
in patients with life-threatening pelvic fractures.
Prevent hypothermia.
Disability
Towards the end of the primary survey, a rapid
evaluation of the neurological state was
performed. What is considered here is the level of
consciousness, as well as the size and reaction of
the pupil. A simple way to assess awareness is
the AVPU method.
A : Awake (full awake)
V : responds to Verbal command (no reaction to
the command)
P : responds to Pain (no reaction to pain)
U : Unresponsive (no reaction)