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Primary surveys are preliminary assessments of

patients, aiming to identify quickly and


systematically and take action on any life-
threatening issue. Primary surveys should be
conducted in no more than 2-5 minutes.
Simultaneous treatment of trauma can occur when
there are more than one life-threatening situation
Airway Management
Talking to the patient
Check response shout for help
Open airway check breathing
Assessment
Look
Listen
Feel
Airway obstruction
Management of the airway
Head Tilt (head extension)
Chin Lift (lift chin)
Jaw Thrust (pushing the jaw)
Orofaringeal Airway (Guedel)
Breathing and Ventilation-Oxygenation
Assessment
Normal breathing.
Adult: 16-24 x / i
Children: 15-45 x / i
Baby: 30-50 x / i
Shortness of breath
Patients complain of tightness
Breathing fast
Respiratory Nose Breathing
Use of additional breathing muscles
There may be cyanosis
Physical examination
Inspection (Look

Cyanosis

Trauma puncture

The presence or absence of chest wall movement

Injuries to the chest

Is there any use of additional breathing muscles

Palpation (Feel)
Tracheal shift

Fracture costae

Subcutaneous emphysema

Pneumothoracic

Auscultation (Listen)
Pneumothorac (breath sounds decreased in the trauma
area)
Detection of abnormal sounds to the chest
Management
Administration of high concentration
oxygen (nonrebreather mask 11-12 liters /
min)
Ventilation with Bag Valve Mask
Eliminates tension pneumothorax
Closes open pneumothorax
Installed a pulse oximeter
Circulation management
Checking the pulse (radialis or carotis)
Circulation with bleeding control
Assessment
Know the source of fatal external bleeding
Know the source of internal bleeding
Check the pulse: speed, quality, regularity,
pulsus paradoxus. The absence of pulsation
from large arteries is a sign of the need for
immediate massive resuscitation.
Check the skin color, recognize the signs of
cyanosis.
Check the blood pressure
Management
Direct emphasis on external sources of bleeding
Recognize internal bleeding, the need for surgical
intervention and consultation with the surgeon.
Install 2 large-sized IV catheters and take blood
samples for routine examinations, blood chemistry,
pregnancy tests (in women of childbearing age),
blood type and cross-match and Blood Gas Analysis
(BGA).
Give liquid crystalloid that has been warmed with fast
droplets.
Install PSAG / pneumatic splints for bleeding control
in patients with life-threatening pelvic fractures.
Prevent hypothermia.
Disability
Towards the end of the primary survey, a rapid
evaluation of the neurological state was
performed. What is considered here is the level of
consciousness, as well as the size and reaction of
the pupil. A simple way to assess awareness is
the AVPU method.
A : Awake (full awake)
V : responds to Verbal command (no reaction to
the command)
P : responds to Pain (no reaction to pain)
U : Unresponsive (no reaction)

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