What is energy?

**This PowerPoint has been made available to you on

the school drive. It is entirely up you whether you want
to access and complete the activities on here through
your computer, or copy them into your books. Print outs
are also available**
Come in quietly and spend a few minutes thinking about
this riddle. Draw it up if you need to and write down your
answer

A windowless room contains three identical light fixtures, each containing

an identical light bulb or globe. Each light is connected to one of three
switches outside the room. Each bulb is switched off at the present. You
are outside the room and the door is closed. You have one, and only one
opportunity to flip any of the external switches. After this, you can go into
the room and look at the lights, but you may not touch the switches again.
How can you tell which switch goes to which light?
What do we remember from last lesson?
Copy and complete in your books
Complete the Handout
 Pardon My Puzzle

ENERGY
 Copy down into your books/computers

Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy

exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy,
light, potential energy, electrical, or other forms.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy is not created or destroyed. It is simply transferred from one
form to another. Energy is conserved in all situations.
Transferring Energy

This is the movement of energy from one place to another.

i.e. When we throw a ball, the kinetic energy is transferred from our body
to the ball.
Another example is the transfer of electrical energy from wires to a bulb,
where that energy is transformed into light and heat energy.
Transforming Energy

All substances and objects possess potential energy. But you cant
tell unless something happens to transform the potential energy
into a different type of energy. In the case of fireworks its obvious
when they explode. When a diver dives from a platform or diving
board, the kinetic energy they gain on the way down is
transformed from the energy stored in them because of their height
above the ground. And the elastic energy stored in the stretched
string of a bow is transformed into the kinetic energy of the arrow
when it is released.
 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

Kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy are mechanical

energies.
There are many systems in which kinetic and gravitational potential energy
transform to make things move.
When something moves fast, it has a lot of kinetic energy.
When something is lifted high, it has more gravitational potential energy.
Watch -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xfhspqJzZQ
When did the roller coaster have the most gravitational potential
energy?
Is there a motor running the roller coaster?
What happens at the beginning of the ride?
Watch the two videos located on the website

https://www.sciencebydoing.edu.au/curriculum/student/yr10/motion/digit
al/act1/act11.html
Make note of all the forms of energy and transfers you observe
Complete this Table
 Choose your Learning Pathway

Individually, or in groups of up to four, select either the Imploding Can or

Bouncing Balls Experiment
**If you are doing the imploding can experiment you will need to write out
a risk assessment**
Write a valid hypothesis for the experiment i.e. *the tennis ball will bounce
higher when the basketball underneath is dropped from a greater height*.
Complete the experiment (run a few tests if necessary).
Answer the questions provided on the slide using whichever format you
would like eg. written, typed, poster, slideshow, class presentation, re
enactment/role play, short story, song, video etc.
 Imploding Can

Energy can be stored as pressure

Normal air pressure, at sea level, is around 100
kPa (kilopascal), which equates to the weight of 1
kilogram (or 10 N) pressing down on each square
centimetre.
Given the surface area of a human is closer to a
square metre, this equates to a total weight of
about 10,000 kg (or 10 tonnes) pressing down on
our whole body. Of course, the reason we are not
crushed is that the pressure on our insides is the
same.
Imploding Can - Method

Fill an ice cream container three quarters full with cold water and ice.
Place a small amount of water in an empty aluminium can
Using a pair of tongs and a Bunsen burner (blue flame) heat the underside
(bottom) of the can for roughly one minute
Remove the can from the burner and quickly invert it (top facing down)
and immerse it in the water
If you do this correctly, the can should implode in a dramatic fashion
 What caused the can to implode?

Where was the energy transfer observed?

What as the catalyst?

Could the same thing happen if the can was transferred from cold to hot
water? Why/why not?
Why did the can implode?

A can is crushed when the pressure outside is greater than the pressure
inside.
i.e. the pressure difference is greater than the can is able to withstand.
You can crush an open aluminium can with your hand. When you squeeze
on the can, the pressure outside becomes greater than the pressure inside.
If you squeeze hard enough the can collapses.
Usually, the air pressure inside an open can is the same as the pressure
outside. However, in this experiment, the air was driven out of the can and
replaced by water vapour. When the water vapour condensed, the
pressure inside the can became much less than the air pressure outside.
 Head outside, and using your body as a point of measure,
drop each ball from shoulder height and take note of where it
bounces back up to (knees, waist, chest, etc).
Hold up two balls with the smaller, lighter ball balanced on top
of the other.
Drop the balls at exactly the same time, making sure they are
perfectly aligned.

Before conducting the experiment, write down your prediction

which ball will bounce higher? Why? What transfers of energy
are in play? Do you think changing the variables e.g. height of
ball drop, surface, or size of ball could change your results?
Why/why not? Record your results in whatever format you
would like.
 Provide evidence of your answers, including worksheets and books by the
end of the lesson.