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Introduction to Valves
Pressure Control Valves
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Primary Control Functions in a Hydraulic System
Pressure control
Directional control
Flow control
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Primary Control Functions in a Hydraulic System
Sequence motion
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Primary Control Functions in a Hydraulic System
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Primary Control Functions in a Hydraulic System
actuator movement .
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Primary Control Functions in a Hydraulic System
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Poppet principle
Valves are based either on the
as a sealing element.
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Actuating force
which is dependent on
valves.
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Slide principle
This illustration shows the principle of
a longitudinal slide valve. In order to
allow the piston to move, it has a
certain clearance and floats in
hydraulic fluids. Ring grooves ensure
an even film of oil and thus pressure
equilibrium. The piston can thus be
moved with minimal frictional losses.
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Negative switching overlap
In the case of negative overlap, flow from
starts gently.
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Basic Structure and Features of Control Valves
A spool is a cylindrical
metal piece fitted into the
bore of a valve body.
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Basic Structure and Features of Control Valves
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Basic Structure and Features of Control Valves
Internal and external forces are used to position the various valve
elements:
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Basic Structure and Features of Control Valves
Normal valve position refers to the position the internal
elements assume when a hydraulic system is shut down:
Normally open
Normally closed
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Valve Operation and Springs, Fluid Pressure,
and Fluid Flow
Springs, fluid pressure, and fluid flow are very important in the
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Valve Operation and Springs, Fluid Pressure, and
Fluid Flow
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Valve Operation and Springs, Fluid Pressure, and
Fluid Flow
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Valve Operation and Springs, Fluid Pressure, and
Fluid Flow
differences in pressure.
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Pressure Control Devices
Pressure control valves may be grouped into one of five types:
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Pressure Control Devices
Maximum system pressure control devices are referred to as:
Relief valves
Safety valves
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Pressure Control Devices
Relief valves are normally closed valves.
operating pressure.
Direct operated
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Pressure Control Devices
Direct-operated relief valves use system pressure to generate
to the reservoir.
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Pressure Control Devices
Direct-operated relief valve
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Pressure Control Devices
sections:
valves
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Pressure Control Devices
Typical compound relief valve
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Pressure Control Devices
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Pressure Control Devices
The balancing-piston section of the compound relief valve uses a
differences.
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Pressure Control Devices
Compound pressure relief valves are designed to accommodate
higher pressures than direct acting relief valves at the same flow rate
capacity.
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Pressure Control Devices
Compound pressure relief valve:
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Pressure Control Devices
Compound relief valves can also have the outlet port.
Outlet port
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Pressure Control Devices
Compound relief valves can also be operated remotely by using the
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Pressure Control Devices
This chamber in turn can be vented to the tank through a solenoid-
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Pressure Control Devices
Cracking pressure: The point at which the internal pressure of a
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Pressure Control Devices
Pressure override: The full-flow pressure minus the cracking
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Pressure Control Devices
Hydraulic Motor:
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Pressure Control Devices
Safety valves are used to prevent damage to the hydraulic system if
Safety valves are generally set 25% higher than the normal system
operating pressure.
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Pressure Control Devices
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Pressure Control Devices
A typical hydraulic pressure fuse
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Pressure Control Devices
Sequence valves allow the automatic sequencing of two or more
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Pressure Control Devices
A sequence valve is typically fitted with an integral check (non-
return) valve.
This allows free flow of fluid around the valve when the direction of
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Pressure Control Devices
A circuit containing a sequence valve
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Pressure Control Devices
cylinders
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Pressure Control Devices
Counterbalance valves prevent unexpected lowering of the
boom.
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Pressure Control Devices
Counterbalance and brake valves are normally closed valves.
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Pressure Control Devices
Brake valves are used to prevent an overrunning load from
Overrunning loads can turn the motor into a pump, allowing the
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Pressure Control Devices
Circuit containing a brake valve
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Pressure Control Devices
Pump unloading controls hold a desired operating
pressure while the pump operates at near-zero
pressure. This reduces energy consumption and
maintenance costs. Unloading valves are normally
closed valves with external pilots.
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Pressure Control Devices
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Pressure Control Devices
Hi-Lo System (using dual pump)
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Pressure Control Devices
Reduced pressure control allows a portion of a system to operate
relief valve:
2 3
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Pressure Control Devices
Pressure reducing valve
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Pressure Control Devices
Circuit containing pressure reducing valve
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The end.
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