THE HUMAN BODY TERMS

PHYSIOLOGY POINT OF VIEW

Soewono
Department of Physiology

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OBJECTIVES

7. UNDERSTAND THE APPLICATION OF

BASIC MEDICAL TERMS BY
ANALYSIS
7.3. THE TERM CONCERNING THE
BODY, BODY SYSTEM, ORGAN AND
HEALTH SYSTEM

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TOPICS

WHAT IS TERM(S)?
WHY UNDERSTAND THE TERMS?
WHAT ARE PARTS OF THE HUMAN
BODY?

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WHAT IS TERM(S)?

Word(s) or expression that has a

precise meaning in some uses or its
peculiar to a science, art, profession,
or subject

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WHY UNDERSTAND THE TERMS?

For communication:
a. scientific communication
b. communication between colleagues

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WHAT ARE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY?

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

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WHAT ARE CELLS?

the simplest units of living matter

can maintain life and reproduce
themselves
a single, newly fertilized cell

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WHAT ARE TISSUES?

organization of a great many similar

cells
with nonliving, intercellular substance

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WHAT ARE ORGANS?

organization of several different

kinds of tissues
perform a special function
ex., the stomach is an
organization of muscle,
connective, epithelial, and
nervous tissues

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WHAT ARE SYSTEMS?

organization of varying
numbers and kinds of organs
perform complex functions for
the body. Ten major systems
compose the human body:

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Ten major systems compose
the human body

Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

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The Skeletal System

living bones
rigid frame work
support and protect
calcium salts
hematopoiesis

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The Muscular System

three type of muscle tissue: skeletal,

cardiac and visceral.
Skeletal muscles: voluntary muscles.
Cardiac muscle: the hearts wall, the
myocardium, involuntary muscles,
heartbeats.
Visceral muscles: involuntary, the smooth
muscle, the walls of the viscera. Examples:
the digestive tract, veins and arteries as
well as the tubular structures of the urinary
tract.

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The Nervous System

controlling, regulatory, and

communicating system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and
ganglia
sensory, integrative, motor
impulses

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The Endocrine System

regulation of body activities

exocrine and endocrine
hormones
into the blood
cells that have receptor sites
for that hormone

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The Cardiovascular System

heart
arteries, veins, and capillaries
blood
maintain homeostasis

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The Lymphatic System

returns excess interstitial fluid to

the blood
absorption of fats and fat-soluble
vitamins and transport to the
venous circulation
defense against invading
microorganisms and disease
lymph nodes, other lymphatic
organs, lymph capillaries, lymph

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The Respiratory System

breathing
provide oxygen and remove waste
products
regulate pH of the blood
series of passages, the lungs
external respiration
internal respiration
cellular respiration

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The Digestive System

the digestive tract and its

accessory organs
Digestion, absorption,
elimination

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The Urinary System

maintain volume and

composition of body fluids
within normal limits
rid the body of waste products
erythropoietin
renin

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The Reproductive System

ensure survival of the species

produce egg and sperm cells
transport and sustain these cells
nurture the developing offspring
produce hormones
male reproductive system
female reproductive system

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