07 RA4133 RL20 LTE Mobility Connected Mode E01

LTE Radio Performance Management
Introduction
[RL20] RA4133-20A
Mobility measurements in connected mode
Module 7
1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

Course Objectives
Mobility measurements in
Connected Mode
After completing this learning element,

the participant should be able to:
Differentiate HO types and events in LTE from HO in

WCDMA
Describe the intra and inter eNodeB Handover phases and
related KPI's
Explain inter-frequency / inter-RAT redirection
Describes HO via X2 interface
Describes HO via S1 interface

Mobility Measurements in Connected Mode
LTE Handover Architecture

Handover Types WCDMA
Intra-RAT Handover
- Intra-frequency
- Intra Node B: softer HO for R99 / HSUPA, hard HO (serving cell change) for HSDPA
- Inter Node B: soft HO for R99 / HSUPA, hard HO (serving cell change) for HSDPA
- Inter-frequency: hard HO in any case
Inter-RAT Handover: hard HO either to PS or CS domain in any case to
- GSM
- WLAN
- To LTE not yet supported

Handover Types LTE
Hard HO in any case, no SHO
Intra-RAT Handover
Intra eNodeB
Inter eNodeB
Data forwarding over X2
High performance for 15120 km/h
Optimized performance for 015 km/h
If no X2 interface configured between serving and target eNodeB, than HO via S1
interface (will be available with RL20)
Inter-RAT Handover
- Only to PS domain
- HO to WCDMA will be available with RL20
- HO to GSM will not be available, as GSM CS domain

Handover Types LTE
other RAT
intersystem HO intersystem HO
triggered by other RAT triggered by e.g.
- coverage of E-UMTS
- service
E-UTRAN macro cell
- load
Inter frequency HO
E-UTRAN micro cells
Intra-frequency HO intra-frequency HO
(intra eNB) (inter eNB, inter MME)

Handover Procedure
-> Lossless
Packets are forwarded from the source to the target
-> Network-controlled
Target cell is selected by the network, not by the UE
Handover control in E-UTRAN (not in packet core)
-> UE-assisted
Measurements are made and reported by the UE to the network
-> Late path switch
Only once the handover is successful, the packet core is involved

Handover Procedure
Before Handover Late path
Radio handover
handover preparation switching
S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P- S-GW + P-GW S-GW + P-GW
GW
MME MME MME MME
Target
Source eNB
eNB X2
= Data in radio = S1 signalling

= Signalling in radio = X2 signalling
= GTP tunnel
= GTP signalling
Handover Algorithm
A Handover will be initiated by a measurement report sent via the RRC protocol
Upon the reception of this measurement report, the handover algorithm will
decide whether a handover should take place
In response to the handover decision, the handover execution will be carried out
using the corresponding procedures
After the handover execution, the handover algorithm will be informed, whether
the handover was successful or not
The Handover procedure is composed of a number of single functions:
- Measurements
- Filtering of measurements
- Reporting of measurement results
- Hard handover algorithm
- Execution of handover

Handover Algorithm

Handover Events WCDMA
Soft(er) Handover
- 1A: A non active cell enters the reporting range, the network tries to add it
to the active set
- 1B: An active cell leaves the reporting range, the network tries to drop it
from the active set
- 1C: An active cell becomes worse than a non active one, the network tries
to replace the active cell by the non active one
Hard Handover (NSN implementation)
- 1F: All active cells become worse than an absolute threshold (either RSCP
or Ec/Io)
- 6A: The UE transmits with too high power
- The radio link needs too much power on DL
- The SIRtarget on UL is at maximum
- The serving cell has too high load
- Another carrier or system matches better the user service than the
serving one

Handover Events LTE
Intra-RAT Handover (NSN implementation)
- Currently based on RSRP only, but not on RSRQ
- Events for intra-frequency HO
- A3: A LTE neighbor becomes better than the server according a relative offset
- A5: The server becomes worse than an absolute threshold and a LTE neighbor
better than another absolute threshold
- Events for inter-frequency mobility
- A2: The serving cell becomes worse than an absolute threshold (triggers
redirection, not real handover)
- Event based inter-frequency handover will be available
Inter-RAT Mobility
Event based inter-RAT handover
Analog to the inter-frequency case redirection towards WCDMA or
GPRS/EDGE can be done on the basis of event A2

Event A3
RSRP
neighbor
a3Offset
LNCEL, -30..30 dB, 0 dB
a3TimeToTrigger
LNCEL, 0..5120 ms (irregular
steps), 0 ms
server
time
start event A3 HO execution
reporting
a3ReportInterval a3ReportAmount
LNCEL, 120 ms..60 min (irregular LNCEL, 1/2/4/8/16/32/64 repetitions
steps), 1024 ms or infinite, infinite

Event A5
RSRP
neighbor
a5Threshold2
LNCEL, -140..-43 dBm, -140 dBm
server
a5Threshold1
LNCEL, -140..-43 dBm, -140 dBm
a5TimeToTrigger
steps), 0 ms
time
start event A5 HO execution
reporting
a5ReportInterval a5ReportAmount
LNCEL, 120 ms..60 min (irregular LNCEL, 1/2/4/8/16/32/64 repetitions
steps), 1024 ms or infinite, infinite

Intra eNodeB Handover

Intra eNodeB Handover (Positive)
UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Control
UL/DL Data (source cell)
L2 UL Allocation
M8009 Intra eNodeB Handover Measurements
On level of source cell
RRC Measurement Reports
Handover decision
Handover decision
M8009C1 Total handover decisions
Admission control and resources

Handover preparation
allocation on target cell
(hardcoded)
Timer THOoverall
M8009C2 Attempted intra eNodeB handover
L2 DL Allocation preparations
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
L2 Synchronization
Handover execution
L2 UL Allocation + timing advance M8009C6 Attempted intra eNodeB handovers
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Handover completion
Release source resources M8009C7 Successful intra eNodeB handovers
UL/DL Data (target cell)
Intra eNodeB Handover (Negative)

L2 UL Allocation
RRC Measurement Reports M8009C0

Handover decision Total not started HO preparations
E.g. conditions for A3 or A5 not
fulfilled


L2 UL Allocation

M8009C3
Handover decision
Failed intra eNodeB HO preparations
Admission control and resources due to admission control
M8009C5
Failed intra eNodeB HO preparations
due to other reason


L2 UL Allocation
Handover decision
Admission control and resources

L2 DL Allocation
L2 Synchronization missing M8009C8

Total intra eNodeB HO failures
due to timer
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Error or missing
THOoverall expires

Intra eNodeB Handover per Neighbor
Counters of group M8009 give information per source cell only
Counters of group M8015 give information per neighbor
M8015C0: Failed intra eNodeB HO preparations
M8015C1: Intra eNodeB HO attempts
M8015C2: Intra eNodeB HO successes
M8015C15: Intra eNodeB HO failures (any reason)

Intra eNodeB Handover Counter Summary
M8009C0
M8009C3/C5
M8009C8
M8009C1 M8009C2 M8009C6 M8009C7
Positive/negative HO preparation Successful/failed Successful/failed

HO decision attempt HO preparation HO execution

Intra eNodeB Handover KPIs
E-UTRAN HO Preparation Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)
Describes the success ratio for the handover preparation phase
The source eNodeB attempts to prepare resources and finally attempts to start the
handover to a neighboring cell within the own eNodeB
Summarization
Logical formula formula (PI ID) Summarization formula (Abbreviation)
Intra HO prep SR = 100 * sum ([M8009C6]) / 100 * sum ([ATT_INTRA_ENB_HO]) / sum
(number of successful sum([M8009C2]) ([INTRA_ENB_HO_PREP])
intra eNB HO prep) /
(total number of intra
eNB HO preparations) *
100%
= (number of intra eNB
HO attempts) /
(total number of intra
100%

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)
Describes the success ratio for the handover execution phase
The source eNodeB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to
the target cell within own eNodeB
Summarization Summarization formula

Logical formula formula (PI ID) (Abbreviation)
Intra HO SR = (number of successful 100 * sum ([M8009C7]) 100 * sum ([SUCC_INTRA_ENB_HO]) /

intra eNB HOs) / / sum([M8009C6]) sum ([ATT_INTRA_ENB_HO])
(number of intra eNB HO attempts) *
100%

E-UTRAN HO Failure Ratio (intra eNodeB)
Describes the ratio of failed intra eNodeB handovers related to all attempted intra
eNodeB handovers
Represents the case of a failed handover when all UE resources are still allocated for
the UE

Intra HO FR = (number of unsuccessful 100 * sum ([M8009C8]) 100 * sum ([ENB_INTRA_HO_FAIL]) / sum
intra eNB HOs) / / sum([M8009C6]) ([ATT_INTRA_ENB_HO])
(number of intra eNB HO attempts) *
100%

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio (intra eNodeB)
Describes the total intra eNB HO Success Ratio from HO preparation start until
successful HO execution

Intra tot HO SR = 100 * sum ([M8009C7]) 100 * sum ([SUCC_INTRA_ENB_HO]) /

(intra eNB HO prep successes) / (intra / sum ([M8009C2]) sum ([INTRA_ENB_HO_PREP])
(intra eNB HO successes) / (intra eNB
HO attempts) * 100%
=
(intra eNB HO attempts) / (intra eNB HO
preparations) *
HO attempts) * 100%
=
HO preparations) * 100%

1,000
100.00 900
800
700
95.00
600
500
90.00
400
300
85.00
200
100
80.00 0
23.05.2011
25.05.2011
27.05.2011
29.05.2011
31.05.2011
02.06.2011
04.06.2011
06.06.2011
09.06.2011
11.06.2011
13.06.2011
15.06.2011
17.06.2011
19.06.2011
21.06.2011
LTE_5123a Intra eNB Handover Preparations (#) LTE_5124a Intra eNB Handover Attempts (#)
LTE_5036a intra eNB Handover Prep Success Ratio (%) LTE_5035a intra eNB Handover Success Ratio (%)

Inter eNodeB Handover via X2 interface

Inter eNodeB Handover via S1 interface
Soc Classification level

27 Nokia Siemens Networks
Inter eNodeB Handover via X2 interface

Principle
Basic mobility feature
Triggered by same configurable events
as intra eNodeB handover
Coverage based (event A5)
Best cell based (event A3)
Network evaluated handover decision
Data forwarding via X2
Radio Admission Control (RAC) gives
priority to handover related access over
other scenarios
S1 X2
S-GW MME
P-GW
S1

Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Preparation)

L2 UL Allocation
M8014 Inter eNodeB Handover Measurements
On level of source cell
Handover decision
X2AP Handover Request
Admission control and resources Handover preparation

allocation on target cell M8014C0 Attempted Inter eNodeB
handover preparations
X2AP Handover Request Acknowledge
Timer TX2RELOCprep
(hardcoded)
Supervises preparation
phase

Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Execution)

X2AP Handover Request Acknowledge
L2 DL Allocation
X2AP Status Transfer

Handover execution
Data forwarding M80014C6 Attempted inter eNodeB
handovers
L2 Synchronization
L2 UL Allocation + timing advance
Timer TX2RELOCexec Timer TX2RELOCOverall

(hardcoded) (hardcoded)
Supervises execution Supervises execution and
phase completion phase

Inter eNodeB Handover (Positive, Completion)

RRC Connection Reconfiguration (Meas. Reconfig.)
Path Switch Request
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete User Plane Update Request
End Marker
Packet Data
User Plane Update Response
Path Switch Request Acknowledge
X2AP UE Context Release

Handover completion
M80014C7 Successful inter eNodeB
Release source resources handovers
Soc Classification level UL/DL Data (target cell)

Inter eNodeB Handover (Negative)

L2 UL Allocation
Handover decision
X2AP Handover Request

M8014C2: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
due to timer: eg TX2RELOCprep
Admission control and resources M8014C3: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
due to target eNodeB admission control
X2AP Handover Preparation Failure M8014C5: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
or no response due to other reason

Inter eNodeB Handover (Negative)

RRC Connection Reconfiguration (Meas. Reconfig.)
Path Switch Request
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete User Plane Update Request
End Marker
Packet Data
Error or no response
M80014C8
Total inter eNodeB HO failures Error or no response
due to timer
TX2RELOCoverall expires

Inter eNodeB Handover per Neighbor
Counters of group M8014 give information per source cell only

Counters of group M8015 give information per neighbor
M8015C5: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations
M8015C6: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations due to timer
M8015C7: Failed inter eNodeB HO preparations due to admission control
M8015C8: Inter eNodeB HO attempts
M8015C9: Inter eNodeB HO successes
M8015C10: Inter eNodeB HO failures (any reason)

Inter eNodeB Handover Counter Summary
M8014C2/C3/C5
M8014C8
M80014C1 M8014C0 M8014C6 M8014C7
HO decision HO preparation Successful/failed Successful/failed

attempt HO preparation HO execution
Inter eNodeB Handover KPIs
E-UTRAN HO Preparation Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)
Describes the success ratio for the handover preparation phase
The source eNodeB attempts to prepare resources and finally attempts to start the
handover to a neighboring cell in a target eNodeB

Inter X2 based HO prep SR = (number 100 * sum ([M8014C6]) 100 * sum ([ATT_INTER_ENB_HO]) / sum
of successful inter eNB X2 based HO / sum([M8014C0]) ([INTER_ENB_HO_PREP])
prep) /
(total number of inter eNB X2 based
= (number of inter eNB X2 based HO
attempts) /
(total number of inter eNB X2 based

E-UTRAN HO Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)
Describes the success ratio for the handover execution phase
The source eNodeB receives information that the UE successfully is connected to
the target cell within target eNodeB

Inter X2 based HO SR = (number of 100 * sum ([M8014C7]) 100 * sum ([SUCC_INTER_ENB_HO]) /

successful inter eNB X2 based HOs) / / sum([M8014C6]) sum ([ATT_INTER_ENB_HO])
(number of inter eNB X2 based HO
attempts) * 100%

E-UTRAN HO Failure Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)
Describes the ratio of failed inter eNodeB X2 based handovers related to all attempted
inter eNodeB handovers
Represents the case of a failed handover when all UE resources are still allocated for
the UE

Inter X2 based HO FR = (number of 100 * sum ([M8014C8]) 100 * sum ([INTER_ENB_HO_FAIL]) / sum
unsuccessful inter eNB X2 based HOs) / sum([M8014C6]) ([ATT_INTER_ENB_HO])
/
(number of inter eNB X2 based HO
attempts) * 100%

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio (inter eNodeB X2 based)
Describes the total inter eNB X2 based HO Success Ratio from HO preparation start
until successful HO execution

Inter tot X2 based HO SR = 100 * sum ([M8014C7]) 100 * sum([SUCC_INTER_ENB_HO]) /
(inter eNB X2 based HO prep successes) / / sum ([M8014C0]) sum ([INTER_ENB_HO_PREP])
(inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) *
(inter eNB X2 based HO successes) /
(inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
=
(inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) / (inter
eNB X2 based HO preparations) *
(inter eNB X2 based HO attempts) * 100%
=
(inter eNB X2 based HO preparations) *
100%

12,000
100.00
10,000
95.00 8,000
6,000
90.00
4,000
85.00
2,000
80.00 0
23.05.2011
25.05.2011
27.05.2011
29.05.2011
31.05.2011
02.06.2011
04.06.2011
06.06.2011
09.06.2011
11.06.2011
13.06.2011
15.06.2011
17.06.2011
19.06.2011
21.06.2011
LTE_5126a Inter eNB Handover Preparations (#) LTE_5125a Inter eNB Handover Attempts (#)
LTE_5049a inter eNB Handover Prep Success Ratio (%) LTE_5048a inter eNB Handover Success Ratio (%)

Inter eNodeB Handover via S1 interface

Short Functional Description
LTE 54/Intra LTE Inter eNB Handover via S1 Interface
S1 based handover is only applicable for inter-eNB handover

LTE inter-eNB handover can be executed without X2 interface usage in
following scenarios:
- No X2 connectivity existing between Source and Target eNB (or blacklisted by operator)
- MME or S-GW change required when routing via Core Network
User data traffic and signaling messages are indirectly send via core nodes
(MME and S-GW)
For UE there is no difference whether HO is executed via X2 or S1 interface
Feature has an impact on dimensioning and is taken into account in
ANTdim tool

Key phases of handover procedure
LTE54 Intra LTE Inter eNB Handover via S1 Interface 1/2
Key phases:
Logically the message content is
created at target eNB and conveyed
to Source eNB through MME
Preparation
Execution

Key phases:
completion

Key phases:
M8014C14: INTER_ENB_S1_HO_PREP
Preparation
M8014C15: Failed inter eNodeB S1 HO preparations

due to timer: eg TS1RELOCprep
due to target eNodeB admission control
due to other reason
Execution

LTE54 Intra LTE Inter eNB Handover via S1 Interface
Key phases:
M8014C18: INTER_ENB_S1_HO_ATT
Preparation
M8014C15: Failed inter eNodeB S1 due to timer: eg

TS1RELOCoverall
Execution

Key phases:
completion
M8014C19:
INTER_ENB_S1_HO_SUCC

Inter-Frequency and Inter-System Mobility

Event A2 Based Redirection
RL10 does not support inter-frequency / inter-RAT HO, but just redirection
based on event A2
Redirection is triggered, if the coverage of the server is below threshold4 for
at least the time given by a2TimeToTriggerRedirect
Event A2 may be triggered, if e.g. the coverage goes down because no target
cell can be found for handover triggered by event A3 or A5
RSRP
server
threshold4
LNCEL, -140..-43 dBm
a2TimeToTriggerRedirect
steps)
time
Soc Classification level start redirection
Event A2 Based Redirection
Must be enabled with actRedirect (LNBTS, off/on, on)
The number of potential target layers is set with redrtId (REDRT, 1..2)
The type of target layer is set with redirRAT (REDRT, LTE/WCDMA/(E)GPRS),
i.e. redirection is possible towards
WCDMA
GPRS/EDGE
Another LTE carrier
Further parameters are used to specify e.g. the (U)ARFCNs of the target layers
RL10 does not offer detailed counters to monitor redirection

The number of EPS bearer releases due to redirection is given by the counter
M8006C15

X2 Interface Measurements

X2 Interface
(E)-RRC User PDUs .. User PDUs
PDCP
RLC TS 36.300
MAC
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) eNB
LTE-Uu Inter eNodeB interface

X2AP special signalling protocol
X2-UP
(User Plane) Functionalities
X2-CP
(Control Plane) User PDUs
Facilitate inter eNodeB handover and provide
data forwarding for it
TS 36.423 X2-AP GTP-U
X2 Provide e.g. load information to neighbouring
SCTP UDP TS 36.424 eNBs to facilitate radio resource and
TS 36.422
IP IP interference management
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421 Logical interface
Does not need direct site-to-site connection
TS 36.420 Can be routed e.g. via core network as well
eNB
X2 Throughput Counters and KPIs
E-UTRAN average incoming Signaling Throughput on X2
Shows the average incoming signaling throughput on X2AP layer per eNB
Unit is Kbit/s
M8004 Transport Load Measurements

AVG IN X2 SIG THP = Sum ([M8004C0]) * 8 / Sum ([VOLUME_X2_IN_SIG_DATA]) * 8 /
(incoming X2AP signaling volume) * 8 / (sum (sum (MEASUREMENT_DURATION) * 60)
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60) (MEASUREMENT_DU
RATION) * 60)
M8004C0
Incoming signaling data volume in KByte

E-UTRAN average outgoing Signaling Throughput on X2
Shows the average outgoing signaling throughput on X2AP layer per eNB
Unit is Kbit/s

AVG OUT X2 SIG THP = Sum ([M8004C1]) * 8 / Sum ([VOLUME_X2_OUT_SIG_DATA]) * 8
(outgoing X2AP signaling volume) * 8 / (sum / (sum (MEASUREMENT_DURATION) *
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60) (MEASUREMENT_DU 60)
RATION) * 60)
M8004C1
Outgoing signaling data volume in KByte

E-UTRAN average incoming Data Throughput on X2
Shows the average incoming user plane data throughput on X2AP layer per eNB
Unit is Kbit/s

AVG X2 DAT THP IN = Sum ([M8004C2]) * 8 / Sum ([X2_DATA_VOL_IN_UPLANE]) * 8 /
(incoming X2AP user plane data 1000 / (sum 1000 / (sum
volume) * 8 / 1000 / (MEASUREMENT_DU (MEASUREMENT_DURATION) * 60)
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60) RATION) * 60)
M8004C2
Incoming user plane data volume in Byte

E-UTRAN average outgoing Data Throughput on X2
Shows the average outgoing user plane data throughput on X2AP layer per eNB
Unit is Kbit/s

AVG X2 DAT THP OUT= Sum ([M8004C3]) * 8 / Sum ([X2_DATA_VOL_OUT_UPLANE]) * 8
(outgoing X2AP user plane data 1000 / (sum / 1000 / (sum
volume) * 8 / 1000 / (MEASUREMENT_DU (MEASUREMENT_DURATION) * 60)
(MEASUREMENT_DURATION * 60) RATION) * 60)
M8004C3
Outgoing user plane data volume in Byte

Thank You !
58 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133EN20GLA0

07 RA4133 RL20 LTE Mobility Connected Mode E01

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07 RA4133 RL20 LTE Mobility Connected Mode E01

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LTE Radio Performance Management

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

After completing this learning element,

Differentiate HO types and events in LTE from HO in

2 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

LTE Handover Architecture

3 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

4 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

5 Nokia Siemens Networks RA4133 EN20GLA0

E-UTRAN micro cells

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= Data in radio = S1 signalling

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Intra eNodeB Handover

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UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

Admission control and resources

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Reports M8009C0

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UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Reports

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UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Measurement Reports

Admission control and resources

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

L2 Synchronization missing M8009C8

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M8009C1 M8009C2 M8009C6 M8009C7

Positive/negative HO preparation Successful/failed Successful/failed

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Summarization Summarization formula

Intra HO SR = (number of successful 100 * sum ([M8009C7]) 100 * sum ([SUCC_INTRA_ENB_HO]) /

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Summarization Summarization formula

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Summarization Summarization formula

Intra tot HO SR = 100 * sum ([M8009C7]) 100 * sum ([SUCC_INTRA_ENB_HO]) /

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Inter eNodeB Handover via X2 interface

Soc Classification level

Inter eNodeB Handover via X2 interface

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

X2AP Handover Request

Admission control and resources Handover preparation

Soc Classification level

UE Source eNB Target eNB MME SGW

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

X2AP Status Transfer

L2 UL Allocation + timing advance