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BIOMASS

Winda Rahmawati
Agricultural & Biological Engineering
University of Lampung
BIOMASS BACKGROUND ASPECT

Definition Classification

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BIOMASS ASPECTS CONSIDERATION

Sustai
nabilit Engineering
y

Innov
Biomass
ation

Science

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Definition
biomass is "the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological
origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related
industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of
industrial and municipal waste (ENER, 2009)

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Classification

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How to utilize biomass???
-transformation-

resour
techno ces
logy

innovation

PRODUCTS
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Sustainability

Figure 1. General
Concept of sustainable
approach, (Adams
W.M., 2006)

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Type of Biomass

Energy Crops Residues & Waste

Annual Grassy crop Industrial, agricultural,


Perennial Grassy crops daily waste
Oil Crops Agricultural, forestry
Lignocellulosic crops residues
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The choice of technology
has to be based on the
waste typology, its quality
and the local conditions;
but a classification and
assignment of different
wastes is not easy.

The best compromise would


be to choose the technology,
which has the lowest life
cycle cost, needs the least
land areas, causes
practically no air and land
pollution, produces more
power with less waste and
causes maximum volume
reduction, (Demirbas A.,
2010).
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IEA, Energy Technology Essentials: Biomass for Power Generation and CHP, OECD, January 2007

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Biomass Technology scheme

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Analysis and estimation of Biomass
production

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Biochemical Conversion
Plant matter hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis
Sugar Fermentation
Thermochemical Conversion
Gasification, Pyrolysis,
Direct Hydrothermal
Liquefaction
Carbon monoxide and
Syngas (Hydrogen)
Pyrolysis
Absence of oxygen

Thermal degradation

Liquid pyrolysis oil


Anaerobic Digestion
Biogas Platform -
Methane
Decomposition -
microorganisms
Anaerobic Digesters
Four Main Processes
Uses wastes and turns
into valuable compost
Transesterification
Biodiesel Platform
Takes vegetable oil, animal fat, or grease into biodiesel
fatty acid methyl ester
Base catalyzed of the oil with alcohol, direct acid
catalyzed, and conversion of the oil to fatty acids and
then to alkyl esters with acid catalysts
Energy Crops
Specific purpose of producing energy
DOE switchgrass, willow, poplar
Selective breeding, genetic engineering
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Overview of Biomass Technologies

(Crucible Carbon, 2008)

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Comparison between Technologies for the energy
conversion of Biomass (Crucible Carbon, 2008).
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ENRICHMENT

RENEWABLES 2016 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT (PDF FILE 25,36


MB)
BLUEPRINT PEN 10 NOVEMBER 2007

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