ENGLISH MATERIALS IN PLPG PROGRAM

1) SUMIATI

2) DIAN A. AFRIANI
3) ZUL AZMI
4) SRI NURBAYA
5) FAUZIAH IDRIANI
 TEXT AND NON TEXT
Halliday said that the text is the language people
produce and react to, what they say and write, read and
listen to, in the course of daily life.the covers both
speech and writing.It may be language in action,
conversation, telephone talk, debate, public
notices, . Intimate monologue or anything else
(1975: 123).
While Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) define a text as a
communicative occurrence which meets seven standards
of textuality, they are: cohesion, coherence,
intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality,
intertextuality.

Non-text is not communicative and not informative

Example of Text:
a. Conversation
Wulan : Hi, Santi. Could you accompany me to the library?
Santi : With pleasure. Lets go there!
b. Command: Please erase the white board!
c. Public Notice
Example of Non-Text:
1. The cat reading a book
2. Non communicative conversation
Laila : Where are you from?
Susi : I have eaten
 MODALITY
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which
behave irregularly in English. They give additional information about the function of the main verb that
follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
Ask permission (may, can, could)
Make a request (can, could)
Express a possibility (may, might, could)
Give advice or suggestion (should)
Express necessity or compulsion (must, have to)
Express prohibition
Express a promise or intention (will, shall)
Express a wish (may)
The characteristics of modal auxiliaries are:
They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness,
obligation, necessity, ability.
 LOGICAL CONNECTORS

Logical connector is a connector which link the semantical unit of

language.
Type of logical connectors:
Subordinating conjunctions
Prepositions
Transitions and Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctions
 NOTICE AND ANNOUNCEMENT

Notice is a sign in a public place giving information or

instructions.
Kinds of Notice: Notice command, notice caution and notice
prohibition.
Announcement is an important or official statement that
informs people about something.
 ADVERTISEMENT
Advertisement is a notice or publication promoting a product, service, or
event.
The purpose of advertisement text is to encourage or persuade an
audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to buy the product or try the
service being advertised.
Language features of advertisement:
1) The use of simple and informal words.
2) Misspelling and Coinages
3) Frequent use of particular verbs.
4) The use of positive adjectives
5) Frequent use of compounds
6) More simple sentences
7) More interrogative sentences and imperative sentences
 NARRATIVE
Narrative text is a text that tells a story about something.
The purpose of narrative text is to amuse the readers with the story.
Generic structure: abstract, orientation, evaluation, complication, resolution
and coda. The stages of abstract, evaluation and coda are optional.
Language features of narrative text:
1. Certain nouns, pronouns, animals, and certain things in the story.
2. Adjectives extending noun phrases.
3. Time connectives and conjunctions to make events sequence
4. Adverbs and adverbial phrases to show location and time of events.
5. Action verbs in past tense
6. Saying verbs indicating utterance.
7. The use of Past Tense
Chapter x HORTATORY EXPOSITION
DEFINITION PURPOSE
GENERIC STRUCTURE
1.Thesis
type of spoken To persuade 2.Arguments
or written text the reader or 3.Recommendation
that is listener that
intended to something
explain the should or
listeners or should not be
readers that the case
something
should or
should not LANGUAGE FEATURES
happen or be 1.Abstract nouns,
done 2. Action verbs, e.g. value,
3.Temporal connectives, 4. Modal
auxiliaries: Should, ought to, had
better
CRITICAL READING AND WRITING
Critical Reading means critical with what you read. Reader has to analyze the
text throughly.
Types of reading
1. What a text says
2. What a text does
3. What a text means
Critical reading is not simply close and careful reading. To read critically, one must
actively recognize and analyze evidence upon the page.
Critical writing
CRITICAL WRITING : FOCUS ON THE NEED TO ENGAGE MORE CRITICALLY WITH THE SOURCE MATERIAL.

CHARCTERISTIC
a clear and confident refusal to accept the conclusions of other writers
without evaluating the arguments and evidence that they provide;
a balanced presentation of reasons why the conclusions of other writers
may be accepted or may need to be treated with caution;
a clear presentation of your own evidence and argument, leading to your
conclusion; and
a recognition of the limitations in your own evidence, argument, and
conclusion.