TCP IP/SUBNETING

Presented by: Syed Abid Aleem

 SUBNETING
Is of dividing a single network into Multiple smaller
networks.
Subneting helps I minimizing the wastage of IP address.
There is two types of subneting
1- FLSM = Fixed length subnet mask.
2- VLSM = variable length subnet mask.

40 40 4 16
1- FLSM 2- VLSM

40 40 32 64
 TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is
the basic communication language or protocol of the
Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol
in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your
computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program
just as every other computer that you may send messages to
or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.
 TCP/IP VERISION

There is two types of TCP/IP

1- IPV4 1- IPV6

32 Bits...... 128 Bits.....

Unicast Unicast
Multicast Multicast
broadcast anycast
 1- IPV4

An IPv4 address class is a categorical division of internet protocol addresses in IPv4-

based routing.
Separate IP classes are used for different types of network. Some are used for public
internet-accessible IPs and subnets , that is, those networks behind a router (as in
classes A, B and C). As well, some classes are reserved by the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for specific
purposes. These special ranges are used for multicasting of identical data to all
computers on a network or subnet or for research (as in classes D, E).
Within this notation, classes are mainly differentiated by the number of bits they have
for the network and the number of bits used for hosts. IP addresses are notated in four
groups of three-digit representations of 8 bits of binary in base 10-formatted notation
for a total of 32 bits. The groups are separated by periods starting from zero (which in
binary would be 00000000); the highest number in a grouping is 255 (or 11111111).
1- IPV6

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a set of specifications from the

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that's essentially an upgrade
of IP version 4 (IPv4). The basics of IPv6 are similar to those of IPv4
-- devices can use IPv6 as source and destination addresses to pass
packets over a network, and tools like ping work for network testing
as they do in IPv4, with some slight variations.
The most obvious improvement in IPv6 over IPv4 is that IP addresses
are lengthened from 32 bits to 128 bits. This extension anticipates
considerable future growth of the Internet and provides relief for
what was perceived as an impending shortage of network addresses.
IPv6 also supports auto-configuration to help correct most of the
shortcomings in version 4, and it has integrated security and mobility
features.
 IPv6 features
IPv6 features include: Supports source and destination addresses t . hat are 128 bits (16 bytes) long.

Requires IPSec support. Uses Flow Label field to identify packet flow for QoS handling by router.

Allows the host to send fragments packets but not routers. Doesn't include a checksum in the header.

Uses a link-local scope all-nodes multicast address. Does not require manual configuration or DHCP.

Uses host address (AAAA) resource records in DNS to map host names to IPv6 addresses.

Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IP6.ARPA DNS domain to map IPv6 addresses to host names.

Supports a 1280-byte packet size (without fragmentation). Moves optional data to IPv6 extension headers.

Uses Multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages to resolve IP addresses to link-layer addresses.

Uses Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) messages to manage membership in local subnet groups.

Uses ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages to determine the IP address of the
best default gateway
Simulation
Queries