Design of Composite Gas Cylinder using ASME

Standards

Guidance of
Prof. V N Patil

By,
Sairaj More(4616)
Utkarsh
Hadadre(4639)
Zohaib Khan(4644)
Amey Paradkar(4647)
 Introduction

Agas cylinderortankis apressure vesselused to storegasesat aboveatmospheric

pressure. Many pressure vessels are made of steel. To manufacture a cylindrical or spherical
pressure vessel, rolled and possibly forged parts would have to be welded together. Some
mechanical properties of steel, achieved by rolling or forging, could be adversely affected
by welding. These Gas cylinders also results in High weight and increase in transportation
cost. So there is a need to redesign the cylinders using some light weight, high strength
materials which are available. Composite can be one of the best substitute for metals. In
Project work, the aim is to design a gas cylinder as per ASME standards using composite
material which can be used for our day today life.
 Objectives
To study the dimension of the Cylinder and its working condition.

To find the best Composite material which can be used as a

Cylinder material.

Redesign of cylinder as per ASME standards and to study its

performance.
 Problem Definition

Since the existing design of Cylinder is heavier in weight

which is unsafe for human handling and increases the
transportation cost. So there is a need to design a cylinder of
light weight and high corrosion resistance.
Literature Review

M Dhanunjayaraju, TL Rakesh Babu [1]: The objective of the paper is

study the nature of LGP cylinder for internal pressure made of steel as
compared to Cylinder made of FRP materials. They compared the steel with
composite Glass FRP and Carbon FRP. Finite element analysis is used to
calculate stresses and deformation inside the. The results shows that the
weight of LPG cylinder can be saved enormously by 10Kgs by using FRP
composites and the stress values are also well within the limit of capability of
materials.
Literature Review

Yashraj jaywant salunke, K.S.Mangrulkar [2]: The objective of this paper

is to reduce the weight of the LPG Gas Cylinder using Light Weight Composite
material. For this they considered Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) as a
replacement For Steel. Analytical Method was used to calculate the Stress
distribution in the cylinder made of steel and GFRP. Output results of
Analytical Calculation shows that GFRP results in 77.31% saving in the
material and Stress induced in GFRP are within the safe limit. This results in
increasing the safety of cylinder with reduced Accidents, Less maintenance,
Rust free.
Literature Review
Pankit M. Patel1 Prof. Jaypalsinh Rana [3]: The objective of this paper is design
and optimization of LNG/CNG cylinder for optimum weight. In the literature, design
and analysis of composite pressure vessel are carried, which are made of
thermoplastic linear, glass fiber and polymer raisin. Analysis showed that there is a
good arrangement between experimental results and elasto-plasto modelling for
mechanical behavior of high density polythene linear under internal pressure. The
study gives the influences of temperature and winding angle on filament wound
composite pressure vessels. The result showed that the cylinder with 34CrMo with 1.7
thickness and carbon fibre thickness of 4mm experienced stress less than the stress
achieved in existing cylinders. the weight was reduced from 19.45 to 6.16 Kg. thus the
lighter weight are easy to handle and assemble
Literature Review
Subhash N. Khetre,Arun Meshram, P. T. Nitnaware[4]: The objective of the paper
is design and analysis of composite high pressure vessel with different layers using FEA
and T-Sai Wu failure criteria. It has been seen that Composite pressure vessels tend to
fail in their parts. The design of these parts is most important issue for such vessels.
Factors taken in account are strength of the material selected , the effect of winding
stability and geometric variables. Analysis were carried out for number of layers and
result showed that layers can be minimized for optimising the design. Thus we can
conclude that t-sai wu failure criterion can yield fairly good results with consistent
accuracy for composite pressure vessels.
Literature Review
Kumar Akkimaradi, Asst Prof U.B.Khadabadi[5]: The objective of this paper is
design and analysis of composite cylinder. The FRP composite materials have higher
specific strength and modulii and tolerability characteristics which will result in
reduction of weight and structure. Cylindrical composite pressure vessels constitute a
metallic internal linear and a filament wound and a composite outer shell. The metal
liner is necessary to prevent leaking while some of the metal liners also provide
strength to share internal pressure load. Composite materials include alloys, plastic co
polymers, minerals and wood. The above paper concludes that the stress carrying
capacity for composite material is greater than that of normal steel along with light
weight of composite material as compared to steel.
Literature Review

A.Tom , G.M. Pius, G .Joseph, this paper is to reduce the weight of the LPG gas
cylinder using Aluminum 6061T6 alloy and Aluminum 5052-H38 alloy for the
replacement of steel,since steel is most commonly used,but it is heavy in weight.
Analytical calculations were done for the stress distribution in the cylinder made of
steel and the aluminum alloys. And the analytical calculations showed that the
aluminum alloys show good results in terms of stress concentrations as compared
to steel. Also the life of the cylinders would be increased by using the aluminum
alloys.
 Literature Review
RemyaGopi ,BeenaB.R. [7]:The objective of this paper is to study the
contributions related to Finite Element Analysis and Finite Element
Modeling of GFRP LPG cylinders. Steel is used as the material for the LPG
cylinders but has some disadvantages like it is heavy and it does not have
any accurate way for showing the level of emptiness in the cylinder. So
Cylinders made from GRP composites are used as an alternative to
overcome these problems .And the results obtained by the use of GFRP
composites show that the stress deformations are also within the required
limits .And the weight is also reduced which proves its advantage in the
household applications.
 Literature Review
T Ashok Harikrishna[8]:The objective of this paper is to study about an
alternate materials for the LPG cylinders such as FRP Composites. .So a
comparison is made by using steel and FRP materials and the analysis is done
using ANSYS software .The cylinder is subjected to internal pressure for the
analysis. The basic building blocks of the fiber reinforced composites help us
in understanding the arrangement of fibers that whether they should be
arranged in the in longitudinal direction or transverse direction to attain
strength .The properties of glass fibers is also studied .The information about
increase the use of composites in the recent years has been studied .The
results show that the weight of the LPG cylinders can be saved enormously by
using FRP composites and the stress values are also well within the limit of
capability of the materials.
 Methodology

Calculate size and shape of the cylinder

Working and boundary conditions,

Identification of suitable composite material

3D Modelling using Solidworks and Analysis by FEA Software

ANSYS.

Theoretical strength Analysis

Calibration of Analysis and Theoretical Results

Fabrication of Composite cylinder as per ASME.

 Material Used

Many pressure vessels are made of steel

Some corrosion resistant materials may also be used.

Mostly a gas cylinder is composed of plain carbon steel

Expected composite materials which can be used are E-glass Epoxy, S_glass
Epoxy etc

Further composite materials can be reinforced with suitable materials like

CaCO3, SiO2 etc to improve its strength , corrosion resistant properties, wear
resistance etc
 Youngs Modulus (E)
Material Poissons Ratio () Density (kg/m3) Yield Strength ( y) (MPa)
(GPa)

E-glassfibre 83 0.23 2600 2800

S-glass epoxy 90 0.33 2190 2500

Gray CastIron 101 0.23 7510 260

Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 71.7 0.33 2810 503

High strengthsteel 206 0.3 2810 269.52

Graphene 1000 0.2 2500 130000

 Shape

The shape can theoretically be of any type .

But shapes made of sections of spheres, cylinders,

and cones are usually employed.

A common design is a cylinder with end caps called

heads.
 Applications of Gas Cylinders

These gas cylinders are used for

Chemical processes
Soldering , welding and frame cutting
Medical and laboratory uses
Extinguishing Fires
Heating and cooking
Water treatment
Terms used in designing of gas
cylinders
Circumferential Stress
Axial Stress
Radial Stress
Hoop Stress
Longitudinal Strain
Volumetric Strain
Van der Waals Forces
Designing and Modelling Of Gas
Cylinder
Geometrical Design and Existing Design of Gas Cylinder

We have to consider 15.9 kg of LPG gas cylinder

Empty gas cylinder weight = 15.9 Kg with frame holder
13 Kg without frame holder
Gas weight = 14.2 Kg
Volume of gas= 47.8 L
Perimeter = 102 cm
Diameter of cylinder = 320 mm
Length of cylinder =360 mm
Internal pressure
LPG standard proportion 70% propane and 30% butane
In Mumbai temperature is 27 C and pressure is 0.6618MPa
 Theoretical Calculations
Properties of Plain Carbon Steel
Density,=7800 kg/m3
Youngs modulus ,E=210 GPa
Poisson ratio ,=1/m=0.28
Ultimate strength =399.82 MPa
Yield strength=220.59 Mpa

Properties of E-Glass Fibre

Density=2100kg/m3
Youngs Modulus in Axial Direction E1=45GPa
Youngs Modulus in Transverse Direction E2=12GPa
Poissons Ratio =0.28
Yield Strength=1020MPa

 Results Obtained
For Cylindrical Portion
Parameters Plain Carbon E-Glass Epoxy
Steel
Thickness 2.39 mm 4.789 mm
Hoop Stress 22.15 MPa 11.03 MPa

For Dome Portion

Parameters Plain Carbon Steel E-Glass Epoxy

Thickness 2.39 mm 4.789 mm

Hoop Stress 44.30 MPa 22.06 MPa
Longitudinal Stress 22.15 MPa 11.03 MPa

Circumferential 0.00018 0.000421

Strain
Longitudinal Strain 0.0000464 0.0004044

Increase in Volume 11768 mm3 36091.59 mm3

Simulation of gas cylinder using
Solid Works
Plain Carbon Steel
E-glass epoxy
Strength Of gas cylinder using
FEA analysis
 Comparing between the two

The cost analysis is done only for the optimum cylinder design. According to the above results,
e-glass epoxy is the best and optimum design.

Gas cylinder Mass (kg) Material cost Manufacturing Total Cost (Rs)
(Rs) cost (Rs)

Plain carbon 14.22 770 1200 1970

steel

E-glass Epoxy 4 850 1200 2050

 Expected Outcomes

The new design of Gas cylinder with composite

material results in Light weight, High Strength and
High corrosion resistance.
This design will use for housewife to Displace
cylinders from one place to other in house
application.
THANK YOU!!!