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Introduction to Logic (2)
Many digital electronic processes are
designed around logic circuits.
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Logic: Switches in Series
S1 S2 Lit
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
S1 S2
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
S1
S2
The bulb will light under certain conditions: what?
S 0 1
1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
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CONSTRUCTING
GATES
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A gate is a device that performs a
basic operation on electrical
signals
Gates are combined into circuits
to perform more complicated tasks
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A transistor is a device that acts, depending on
the voltage level of an input signal, either as a wire
that conducts electricity or as a resistor that blocks
the flow of electricity
A transistor has no moving parts, yet acts like
a switch
It is made of a semiconductor material, which is
neither a particularly good conductor of electricity,
such as copper, nor a particularly good insulator,
such as rubber
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Introducing Transistors
Collector
Base
Emitter
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Constructing Gates
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Transistor as a Switch
Transistors can be used as switches.1
Transistor Switch
X
12V
Variable
Voltage
Supply
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Figure 4.9 Constructing gates using transistors
Gates
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NOT Gate
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AND Gate
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XOR Gate
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NAND and NOR Gates
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Review of Gate Processing (cont.)
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Gates with More Inputs
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Figure 4.7 Various representations of a three-input AND gate
Circuits
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Page 99
Combinational Circuits
Page 100
Because there are three inputs to this circuit, eight rows are
required to describe all possible input combinations
This same circuit using Boolean algebra:
(AB + AC)
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Now lets go the other way; lets take a Boolean
expression and draw
Page 100
Page 101
Now compare the final result column in this truth table to the
truth table for the previous example
They are identical
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Now lets go the other way; lets take a Boolean
expression and draw
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Properties of Boolean Algebra
Page 101
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