Replications Theory Of DNA

Conservative Theory

Semi Conservative
Theory

Dispersif Theory
RNA Theory Replication
1.Conservative Theory
Double helix old -> new double helix
2.Dispersive Theory
Double helix long -> disjointed
3.Semiconservative Theory
Two double helix ribbon -> split -> long ribbon pairs
new ribbon -> exact same DNA
 DNA Replication
DNA replication is the formation of self duplicate DNA
DNA replication begins:
Open it up hydrogen bonding of base pairs N
When a string opened, the sequence of bases on each
separate band serves as a template that governs a series of
complementary bases
Enzymes involved in nucleotide binding on the new tape
is DNA Polymerase
Replication
DNA replication of the mold 3 '- 5' happened a
piece-by-piece in the direction 5 '- 3' replication
runs left replication fork.

Thread-short strands are linked by the enzyme DNA

ligase.

There are strands of DNA that is synthesized

continuously called the main thread or leading
strand.

While the new DNA strands are synthesized short

piece-by-piece called slow or lagging strand thread.
 DNA Replication Involves

1.Gyrase: straighten strands of DNA strands

2.DNA helicase: an enzyme that serves to open the
fabric of the DNA double helix
3.DNA polymerase: an enzyme that functions
polymerize nucleotides
4.DNA primase: enzymes used to initiate
polymerization of DNA on the lagging strand
5.DNA ligase: enzyme responsible connect lagging
DNA strands
6.Single strand DNA-binding protein: DNA stabilizing
parent open
Growing Fork
Leading strand: DNA synthesis occurs
continuously
Lagging strand: DNA synthesis occurs through
the formation of a thread-thread short
Origin initiate DNA
replication at
different times
Replication starts from specific places, which led
to both the parent DNA strands separate and form
a bubble replication

In eukaryotes, there are hundreds or even

thousands origin of replication along the DNA
molecule.

Bubble stretched laterally replication and

replication occurs in two directions

The next bubble will meet replication and DNA

synthesis child finishes
DNA
replication
and
Protein
synthesis
 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

transcription translation

DNA RNA Protein

Protein
an amino acid chain formed by elements C, H, N, O
.There are 20 types of amino acids
-)Essensial Protein
-)Noneesensial Protein
Chain amino acids then join and folds into a three-
dimensional shape
GENETIC CODE
Each amino acids (20 amino acids) is represented
by three bases, called codons
Each codon encodes an amino acid
will determine the base sequence of amino acids in
the protein sequence
The formation of proteins takes place in a stage of
the process called protein synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
A. TRANSCRIPTION
Initiation
Elongation
Terminations
B. Cutting DNA (RNA splicing)
C. mRNA to the ribosome
D. TRANSLATION
Initiation
Elongation
Terminations
 A. Tahap Transkripsi

1. initiation:
-) Enzyme RNA polymerase attaches to the genes are copied
from DNA. The meeting place between the genes (DNA) and
RNA polymerase called a promoter.
-) RNA polymerase then open the double helix of DNA.
-) As a result, the two DNA strands separated. One
polynucleotide functions as a printer or a sense, the other as
genes or antisense.
2. Elongation:
The enzyme RNA polymerase moves along the
DNA molecule, opening the double helix and
assemble ribonucleotides to the 3 'end of the RNA
that is growing.

3. Termination:
Occur in certain places. The process of
transcription termination terdisosiasinya
characterized by RNA polymerase enzyme of DNA
and RNA is released.
B.Cutting RNA
RNA is cut
Introns (Non-coding sequences) discarded
Exons (Expressed sequences) should be left
C.mRNA -> Ribosome :
Messenger RNA take the code and go to the ribosomes
in the cytoplasm

Transfer RNA taking acid

certain amino and heading
ribosome
D. Translation
In the ribosomes, the code is read and translated into
the form of an amino acid sequence

Chain amino acids will be folded and joined together

to form the final protein
Translation: Progress in the ribosome
through three stages, namely:
1. Translation: Progress in the ribosome through three
stages, namely:
Initiation: mild ribosome molecules attached
themselves with mRNA to initiate protein formation
2. Elongation: the ribosome moves along the mRNA
from one end to the other
3. Terminations: elongation lasted until the end of the
information marked stop codons UAA, UAG, and
UGA