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by theory of Immunology
Self Antigens:
Belong to the body and
are harmless Main Task
To distinguish between self
and non-self antigens
Non-Self Antigens
Disease Causing
elements
Sort of defense mechanism against foreign attack.
While loop:
1. Cloning: To the generation of duplicates of antibodies
Clones are generated and a new population is
produced
While loop:
2. Hypermutation: Cause random changes in antibodies as
mutation
Parameters:
Population size
Clones, to be generated
No. of Antibodies to be discarded
parents Cloning &
Selection Hypermutation
modified
antibodies
discard
Procedure
Initialize population of antibodies (randomly generated).
Individuals Antibody (candidate solution)
Evaluation (fitness function) for all antibodies
N =Number of Antibodies.
= Decay Factor (Controlling the maximum
Number of Clones)
j= subscript of antibody where we calculate
the no of clones.
Q . We would like to use Artificial Immune System
(CLONALG) to solve the following NLP problem:
Minimize ( x1 1.5) 2 ( x2 4) 2
*N
N j Round
j
.8*5
N 2 Round 2
2
.8*5
N 2 Round 1
3
Step 4: Generate clones and calculate the affinity value. Here clones are
represented by the * mark and the parent antibody without * mark
2 (2,3) 1.25
3 (1,4) 5.75
4 (0.88,3.78) 3.68
5 (2,2) 4.25
2 (2,3) 1.25
3 (1,4) 5.75
4 (0.88,3.78) 3.68
5 (2,2) 4.25
/* loop*/
for m = 1 to max_gen do
for i = 1 to AB do
affinity(j) = f ( xi )
end for
[ temp, index] =sort (affinity)
Selected = x ( index( 1 to n_selected))
sum=0
for k = 1 to n_ selected do
NC(k) = round (* AB/k)
for j= 1 to NC(k) do
MC(sum+j) = Selected (k)+ exp(p*temp)*tan(pi/4*(-1+2*rand(1)) )
Affinity_MC(sym+j)= f (MC (sum j ))
end for
sum=sum+NC(k)(Number of clones)
end for
Replace bottom d antibodies (AB) with new MC (Mutated child)
end for
Result = f (sort ( AB(1)))
Thank
You