Engr.

Sinco
NUMBER SYSTEM AND NUMBER
SYSTEM CONVERSION

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INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOS)
Identify different Number System used in
computer processing and algorithm.

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Understand the process how the computer
performs different arithmetic operations on
number system and how computer convert one
number system to another.

Convert a given number system to another

number system
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NUMBER SYSTEM
It is a group of Quantitative elements that work
together to perform the specific function.

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ELEMENTS:
Radix tells how many character or symbols are in a character
set
Code/positional value Determines the value of characters in a
certain position
Operation are specified actions that can manipulate the
symbols such as counting, addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division

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TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM

DECIMAL Contains TEN SYMBOL (0 to 9)

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BINARY Contains TWO SYMBOL (0 & 1)

OCTAL Contains EIGHT SYMBOL (0 to 7)

HEXADECIMAL Contains 16 SYMBOLS

(0 to 9) & (A to F)

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NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL BINARY OCTAL HEXADECIMAL

0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2

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3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F 5
16 10000 20 10
 Engr. Sinco
CONVERSION OF NUMBER
SYSTEM
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 NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
Decimal to any Base or System

STEPS:
1. Divide the given Decimal number by the
Base-r, of the number system the given

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Decimal is to be converted.
2. List down the Remainder. If youre using
a calculator, multiply the Fraction part of
the quotient by the base-r of the number
into which the decimal is to be converted
to get the remainder.
3. Repeat Steps 1 & 2 until the quotient
become Zero.
4. Generate the desired number from the
remainders column from the bottom to
top. 7
DECIMAL TO ANY NUMBER SYSTEM
Convert:
Convert:
(41)10 -- ___ 2 ; Ans. (101001)2
(54)10 -- ___ 8 ; Ans. (66)8

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Division Quotient Remainder Division Quotient Remainder

41/2 20 1 54/8 6 6
20/2 10 0 6/8 0 6
10/2 5 0
5/2 2 1
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

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NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION

CONVERT DECIMAL to OCTAL:41 (10) (51)8

DIVISION INTEGER REMAINDER COEFFICIENT
R

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41/8 5 .125x8 1 E
5/8 0 0.625x8 5 A
D

CONVERT DECIMAL to HEXADECIMAL:41 (10) (29)16

DIVISION INTEGER REMAINDER COEFFICIENT
R
41/16 2 .5625x16 9 E
5/16 0 0.125x16 2 A
D

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 NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
ANY NUMBER SYSTEM TO DECIMAL
NUMBER

STEPS:
Multiply the given by the base r.

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1.

2. Arrange the exponent of the multiplier (base

r) that should be based on the place value of
the given.
3. Generate the answer by getting the sum of all
numbers.

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NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION

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EXAMPLES:

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 NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION

CONVERT OCTAL to DECIMAL: CONVERT HEXADECIMAL to DECIMAL:

5 1 2 9 16

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9 x16 =9
1 x8 =1 2x16 =32
5x8 =40

9+32=41 (41)10
40+1=41 (41)10
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NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
BINARY to OCTAL
STEPS:
1. Partition the Binary number into groups of

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3 digits each starting from Binary point
from the RIGHT to LEFT
2.The Corresponding OCTAL digit is then
assigned to each group

CONVERT BINARY to OCTAL:10011001 (23)=8

2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 BITS
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

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2 3 1 1 (2311)8
 NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
CONVERT OCTAL to BINARY :10011001001 (23)=8

Each Hexadecimal digit is converted to its 3-digit Binary equivalent

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BITS
2 3 1 1

01 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (2311)8

CONVERT HEXADECIMAL to OCTAL:

1. Covert to Binary

2. PROCEED to the Conversion of BINARY to OCTAL

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 NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
CONVERT OCTAL to HEXADECIMAL :10011001001 (23)=8

1. Covert to Binary

PROCEED to the Conversion of BINARY to HEXADECIMAL

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BITS

4 C 9
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 (24)=16
01 0 0 1 1 0 0 10 0 1

4 12 9
15

C
(4C9)16
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
CONVERSION of FRACTIONAL PART
(From Decimal to any Bases)

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STEPS:
1. Multiply the given Decimal number by the base-r
of the number into which the given decimal
number is to be converted to.
2. Repeat the proceeding process until the fractions
becomes Zero or until the number of digits have
sufficient accuracy.
3. Generate the Final answer from the integral part
from TOP to BOTTOM.
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Example: 0.125 >>>Binary=(001)2

INTEGER FRACTIONAL
PART
0.125x2 0 0.25
0.25x2 0 0.5

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0.5x2 1 0

INTEGER
FRACTIONAL PART

0.125 >>>OCTAL = (0.1)8 1

0
INTEGER
FRACTIONAL PART

0.125 >>>HEXADECIMAL =(0.2)16 2 17

0
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
BINARY, OCTAL , Hexadecimal, Decimal
STEPS:
1. Multiply each digit by its decreasing positional
value
2 .Add the products to get the equal decimal number.

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CONVERT BINARY to DECIMAL:.001 (.125)10
23222120 2-12-22-32-4

0 0 0 1 .1 0 0 0
0.001

1 x2-3=0.125
0x2-2=0
0x2-1=0

(.125)10 18
 NUMBER SYSTEM

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ARITHMETIC
ADDITION OF NUMBER
SYSTEM

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 ADDITION OF BINARY NUMBERS
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1

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1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 0 carry 1

Example:
1011.101
+ 11.11
1111.011
ADDITION OF OCTAL NUMBER
11
4163

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+ 1576
5761

3+6 = 9-8 =1
1+6+7 = 14-8 = 6
1+1+5 = 7
4+1 = 5
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ADDITION OF HEXADECIMAL NUMBER
1
815A

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+ F7A1
178FB

A+1 = 10+1 = 11 = B
5+A = 5+10 = 15 = F
1+7 = 8
8+F = 8+15 = 23-16 = 7
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 Engr. Sinco
SUBTRACTION OF NUMBER
SYSTEM

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 SUBTRACTION OF BINARY NUMBERS
0-0 = 0
0 - 1 = 1 borrow 1
1-0 = 1

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1-1 = 0

Example:
10111.111
- 1010.010
1101.101

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SUBTRACTION OF OCTAL NUMBER
305
4163

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- 1576
2365

3-6 = 8+3-6 = 5
5-7 = 8+5-7= 6
0-5 = 8+0-5 = 3
3-1 = 2
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SUBTRACTION OF HEXADECIMAL NUMBER
3 9
41A3

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- 2F7B
1228

3-B = 3-11 = 16+3-11= 8

9-7 = 2
1-F = 1-15 = 16+1-15 = 2
3-2= 1

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 Engr. Sinco
COMPLEMENTS

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 COMPLEMENTS
rs (radix complement) = 2's complement
r-1s (diminished radix) = 1's complement

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1's complement obtained by subtracting the
bit from 1 (inverse)
Example:
10101 = 01010 1's complement

NOTE:
BINARY-2s complement;1s complement
OCTAL 7s complement
HEX 15s complement
 COMPLEMENTS
2's complement obtained by taking the 1's
complement then adding 1 to the least
significant bit (LSB) of the complemented

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number

Example:
10101 = 01010 1's complement
+ 1
01011 2's complement
 SUBTRACTION USING THE 1S
COMPLEMENTS
1. Take the 1's complement of the
subtrahend then add it to the minuend.
2. If there is an end carry in the sum, add

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it to the LSB of the sum, otherwise get
the 1's complement and prefix a
negative (-) sign.

Example:
10111.111 10111.111
- 1101.101 = + 10010.010
01010.001
+ 1
01010.010
 SUBTRACTION USING THE 2S
COMPLEMENTS
1. Get the two's complement of the
subtrahend then add it to the minuend
2. If there is an end carry in the sum,

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disregard, otherwise take the 2's
complement of the sum then a prefix a
negative sign (-)

Example:
10111.111
- 1101.101 = 10010.010
+ 1
10010.011
10111.111
(1)01010.010
SUMMARY COMPLEMENTS
1s Complement
1. Take the 1's complement of the subtrahend
then add it to the minuend.

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2. If there is an end carry in the sum, add it to
the LSB of the sum, otherwise get the 1's
complement and prefix a negative (-) sign.

2s Complement
1. Get the two's complement of the subtrahend
then add it to the minuend
2. If there is an end carry in the sum,
disregard, otherwise take the 2's
complement of the sum then a prefix a
negative sign (-)
 Engr. Sinco
Thank You!

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