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DATA COLLECTION

DATA
Used to undertake particular problems or to provide a basis which
decisions are generated
2 TYPES OF DATA
1. PRIMARY DATA collected directly by researcher himself
2. SECONDARY DATA taken from published or unpublished materials
previously gathered by other researchers such as books, magazines,
journals, published and unpublished thesis
PRIMARY DATA
CAN BE COLLECTED THROUGH:
1. direct observation
2. interview using questionnaire or rating scale
3. by mails or recordings
4. experiment
5. registration such as registry of births, deaths and marriages
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING every unit has a chance of being selected
and that chance can be qualified
- involves the selection of sample from a population based on the
principle of randomization or chance
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING every item in population does not
have an equal chance of being selected
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
A. LOTTERY OR FISH BOWL TECHNIQUE
1. SAMPLING WITHOUT REPLACEMENT in which the drawn papers
are no longer returned in the container
2. SAMPLING WITH REPLACEMENT returning to container every
piece drawn
Holds the probability constant
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
B. TABLE OF RANDOM NUMBERS
-various tables of random numbers have been constructed by some
statistician, systematically and mechanically
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
Members of the population are arranged in some fashion
(alphabetically or other sort)
A random starting point selected then every kth member will be the
succeeding samples
Ex: every 10th member is selected (10th, 20th, 30th)
Ex: 20 students from a list of 80, we can select the first name at
random, say 15. Then every 4th will be selected until the sample of 20
names is completed
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
The population is partitioned in two or more sub-populations called
STRATA
In the same STRATA they are internally homogenous as possible
Each stratum is different from one another as much as possible
Ex: if we are interested inn estimating the average income of all the
families in a city, organize 3 possible strata: high income, medium
income, low income
Then proceed to regular sampling process
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Subdividing the population into smaller units then selecting only at
random where the study would then be concentrated
Referred to as an area sampling frequently appled on a
geographical basis
Used when the members of population is too large
Population can be divided into clusters, like cities, districts or areas

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