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Conditioning
Type of HVAC
System
Energy
Efficient
Home
First-rate
Contractor
HVAC Efficiency
Keys to obtaining design efficiency include:
Sizing the system
Proper selection and proper installation of
controls
Correctly charging the unit with proper
amount of refrigerant
Sizing and designing the layout of the
ductwork
Insulating and sealing all ductwork
Heating Systems
Heat source
Furnace (gas)
Electric heat pump
Components of Horizontal Flow Forced-air System
Choices for Central, Forced-air Systems
Fuel-fired furnaces with
electric air conditioning
units
Electric heat pumps or
Dual fuel system
Best choice depends upon:
Cost
Efficiency
Annual energy use
Local price
Availability of energy sources
Radiant Heating Systems
Radiant Heating Systems
Advantages:
Quieter operation
Increased personal comfort at lower air
temperatures
Better zoning of heat
Increased comfort from the heat
Radiant Heating Systems
Disadvantages:
Higher installation costs
No provision for cooling
the home
No filtering of the air
Difficulty in locating parts
Heat Pumps
Heat pumps move heat from one fluid to another.
Water
(geothermal)
Heat Pumps
Air-source Heat Pumps
Compressor
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Fan/Condensing Coil
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Refrigerant
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Evaporator Coil
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Duct Heater
Heat Pumps
Heat Gas
Pump Furnace
Heat Pumps
7.0 10.0
HSPF
HSPF and specific climates
In colder climates, the
HSPF declines
In warmer climates, the
HSPF increases
In Climate Zone 4, in the
winter, the predicted
HSPF is approximately
15% less than the
reported HSPF
Geothermal Heat Pumps
A geothermal heat
pump relies on fluid-
filled pipes, buried,
as a source of
heating in winter and
cooling in summer
~54F
Geothermal Heat Pump
Closed Loop Designs
~54F
Closed Loop Designs
Shallow loops are placed in long trenches, like a slinky
Closed Loop Designs
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Variables:
Type of fuel burned
Its price
Homes design
Outdoor climate
Furnace Operation
Furnaces require
Oxygen (for combustion)
Extra air (to vent exhaust
gases)
Furnace Operation
Common
Use the surrounding air for combustion and
exhaust venting
Problem: malfunctioning heater may allow
flue gases into the area around the furnace
Furnace Operation
AFUE = 78%
Efficiency is highest
if the furnace
operates for longer
periods
Oversized units run
intermittently and
reduce operating
efficiencies
AFUE
Condensing furnaces
A drain line must be connected to the flue to
catch condensate
With cooler exhaust gas, the flue can be made
of plastic pipe
Condensing Furnaces
System:
Air-handling unit houses
Evaporator coil
Indoor blower
Expansion or throttling valve
Controls
Ductwork
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Compressor
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Fans
Air Conditioner Vapor Compression Cycle
Evaporator Coils
Air Conditioners
Advantages
Save energy
Quiet
Dehumidify
Proper Installation
Oversized equipment
Costs more
Wastes energy
May decrease comfort
Inadequate dehumidification
Sizing
Rule of thumb
600 square feet of cooled area per ton of air
conditioning
Sizing
*Estimated at 110% of calculated size. There are 12,000 Btu/hour in a ton of cooling.
Sizing
25%
Cools the
temperature of
indoor air
Latent heat removal
75%
SHF
Thermostat
Programmable (setback) thermostat
Energy saver
Automatically adjust
Must be designed for the particular heating and
cooling equipment it will be controlling
Thermostat
Centrally located
Should not receive direct sunlight or be near a
heat-producing appliance
A good location is 4 to 5 feet above the floor
in an interior hallway near a return
Interior wall on which it is installed should be
well sealed at the top and bottom
Zoned HVAC Systems
Larger homes
often use 2 or
more separate
heating and air
conditioning units
Zoned HVAC Systems
Ventilation
Removes stale interior air
Removes excessive moisture
Provides oxygen
Ventilation
Ventilation
Amount
7.5 natural cubic feet per minute of fresh air
per bedroom + 1, plus additional air flow
equal to (in cubic feet per minute) 1% of the
house conditioned area, measured in square
feet
Ventilation
Bathroom fans
Range hoods
Choose low
sone fans rated
for continuous
use
91
In-Line Ventilation with Spot Fan
Central Ventilation System
Pick-up ducts
connected to
bedrooms and
bathrooms
3-speed blower
93
Spot Ventilation
Whole House Fan
101
Sample Ventilation Plans
Mechanical ventilation
system plans are
routine for
commercial buildings
Upgraded Exhaust Ventilation
Whole House Ventilation System
DESIGN 2
Heat Recovery Ventilation System
Radon
Highest potential
Moderate potential
Low potential
Removing Radon
SLAB-ON-GRADE OR BASEMENT
Use a 4 to 6 inch gravel base
Install continuous layer of 6-mil polyethylene
Stub in T below polyethylene that protrudes
through polyethylene and extends above
poured floor height
Pour slab or basement floor
Seal slab joints with caulk
Radon Resistant Construction
CRAWL SPACE
Install sealed, continuous layer of 6-mil polyethylene
Install T below polyethylene that protrudes
through polyethylene
Radon Resistant Construction
ALL FOUNDATIONS
Install a vertical 3-inch PVC pipe
from the foundation to the roof
through an interior wall
Connect the T to the vertical 3-
inch PVC pipe for passive mitigation
Have electrician stub-in junction
box in attic
Label PVC pipe RADON so that
future plumbing work will not be
tied into the stack
Testing for Radon