ORBIT/ORBITAL CAVITY Dimensions Topographic Relationships Apertures Soft Tissues Periorbital Structures DIMENSIONS AND TOPOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS Dimensions 25 mm Adult Orbital Dimensions Volume 30 cc Entrance Height 35 mm Entrance Width 40 mm Medial wall length 45 mm Distance from posterior globe to optic 18 mm foramen Length of orbital segment of optic nerve 25-30 mm 7 BONES: 1. Frontal 2. Lacrimal 3. Ethmoid 4. Maxillary 5. Sphenoid 6. Palatine 7. Zygomatic Right orbit ORBITAL WALLS I. Roof II. Lateral III. Medial IV. Floor I. Roof II. Lateral Wall II. Lateral Wall Right orbit III. Medial Wall III. Medial Wall III. Medial Wall LEFT ORBIT IV. Floor IV. Floor APERTURES SOFT TISSUES PERIORBITA Periosteal covering Arcus marginalis line of fusion of peristeum & orbital septum Intraorbital Optic Nerve 30mm long 4mm in dm S-shaped curve Extraocular Muscles 4 rectus muscles 2 oblique muscles 1 levator palpebrae not attached to the globe 4 rectus muscles Origin: Annulus of Zinn Becomes tendinous 4-7mm from insertion before they attach to thhe globe Spiral of tillaux Superior Oblique Origin: orbital apex, superior to Annulus of Zinn Trochlealaterally below SR Trochlea- functional origin Inferior Oblique Origin: front of the eye Insertion: behind the equator just lateral to the fovea Nerve Supply CNIII Superior division= SR and levator palpebrae Inferir divisin= MR, IR, IO CN IV SO CN VI Abducens Blood supply Ophthalmic artery Medial muscular branch = MR, IR, IO Lateral muscular branch=LR, SR, SO, LPS Lacrimal artery= LR Infraorbital artery= IR & IO 2 anterior ciliary arteries supply each rectus muscle except LR w/c has only 1 Venous Drainage Superior and Inferior Orbital Vein Annulus of Zinn Fibrous ring formed by the common origin of the 4 rectus muscles FASCIA 1. Tenons capsule Fascia bulbi Fibrelastic tissue condensation around the eyeball Anteriorly: fused with the sclera Psterirly: blends with the coverings of the optic nerve Separated from the sclera by the episcleral space 2. Fascial sheaths of the muscles Cover the EOMS Intermuscular membrae- continuous around the globe 3. Check ligaments Web-like expansion and thickenings of the sheaths of muscles, connecting the muscle to the Tenons capsule 4. CT reticulum Fine CT meshwork around the optic nerve, within which the fine granules of fat are present Herniation of fat in deficiencies of orbital septum 5. Periorbita Arcus marginalis Lacrimal fascia Annulus f zinn Orbital Septum Extension of the periosteum to the orbit Delimits palpebral portion from the orbital portion Prohibits the penetration of infection from the lid. Eyelids Cover of the front f the eye LAYERS: Skin Muscle fibers Tarsus Conjunctiva Vasculature of the Orbit ICA Ophthalmic artery ECA IMA + Facial artery MAJOR branches f the phthalmic artery Branches to EOM Central retinal artery ( optic nerve and retina) Posterior ciliary arteries Long= supply anterior choroid via recurrent branch Short = supply the suprachoroidal space Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries Venous Drainage Drain in 4 to 6 vortex vns Superotemporal and superonasal vortex Superior ophthalmic vn Inferotemporal and inferonasal vortex Inferior Ophthalmic vn Exit via CAVERNOUS SINUSES Venous drainage Nerves Ophthalmic division of CN V 3 main branches Frontal Lacrimal Nasociliary Parasympathetic innervation: accomodation, pupillary constriction, and lacrimal gland stimulation Sympathetic innervation: pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle function of eyelids and orbit, and hidrosis.