Graphs of Linier Equations

(Grafik Persamaan Garis Lurus)

 Key Vocabulary
Function = fungsi
Gradient = kemiringan garis
Horizontal distance = sumbu/koordinat horizontal
Scale = skala
Slope = kemiringan garis
Undefined = tak hingga
Vertical distance = sumbu/koordinat vertikal
X-intercept = sumbu-x
Y-intercept = sumbu-y
A. Drawing a graph from an equation
Function = equation connecting two variables

Linear equation An equation whose solutions form a straight line on a

coordinate plane.

Collinear Points that lie on the same line.

Slope A measure of the steepness of a line on a graph; rise divided by the

run.

A linear equation - an equation whose graph forms a straight line.

1. Drawing a Graph From an Equetion
A. Forms of Linear Equations

These are two forms are the most commonly used ways to
write linear equations.
1. Slope Intercept Form: y= mx + C
2. Standard Form: Ax + By = C
m = gradient/slope
C = constant
A and B = Coefficient
Parts of a Coordinate Plane

Parts of a plane QUADRANT II QUADRANT I

1. X-axis (-x, y) (x, y)
2. Y-axis
3. Origin (0, 0)
4. Quadrants I-IV Origin

QUADRANT III QUADRANT IV X-Axis

(-x, -y) (x, -y)

Y-Axis
To sketch the graph of an equation,

1. Find several solution points of the equation

by substituting various values for x and
solving the equation for y.

2. Plot the points in the coordinate plane.

3. Connect the points using straight lines or

smooth curves.
Copyright
by Houghton
Mifflin
6 Company,
Inc. All rights
reserved.
Example: Sketch the graph of y = 2x + 3.

1. Find several solution points of the equation.

x y = 2x + 3 (x, y)

2 y = 2(2) + 3 = 7 (2, 7)

1 y = 2(1) + 3 = 5 (1, 5)

0 y = 2(0) + 3 = 3 (0, 3)

1 y = 2(1) + 3 = 1 (1, 1)
Copyright
by Houghton
Mifflin

y = 2(2) + 3 = 1 (2, 1)
7
2 Company,
Inc. All rights
reserved.
2. Plot the points in the coordinate plane.

x y (x, y)

2 7 (2, 7) y

8
1 5 (1, 5)
4
0 3 (0, 3)
x
4 4 8
1 1 (1, 1)
4

2 1 (2, 1) Copyright
by Houghton
Mifflin
8 Company,
Inc. All rights
reserved.
3. Connect the points with a straight line.

x
4 4 8

4
Copyright
by Houghton
Mifflin
9 Company,
Inc. All rights
reserved.
Exercise :
1. Plot the graph of these equetion on the
same cartesian plane.
a. y = 2x
b. y = 3x 5
c. y = -2x + 4
 2. X-Intercept AND Y-Intercept

The points at which the graph intersects the x- or y-axis

are called intercepts.

If (x, 0) satisfies an equation, then the point (x, 0) is called

an x-intercept of the graph of the equation. substitute 0 for
y in the equation and solve for x.

If (0, y) satisfies an equation, then the point (0, y) is called a

y-intercept of the graph of the equation. substitute 0 for x in
Copyright
the equation and solve for y. by Houghton
Mifflin
11 Company,
Inc. All rights
reserved.
Example:
1. Find the y-intercept and x-intercept from equation 2x + 3y = 6

2x + 3y = 6 2x + 3y = 6
2x + 3(0) = 6 2(0) + 3y = 6
2x = 6 3y = 6
x=3 y=2
The x-intercept is 3. The y-intercept is 2.
Note: Note:
X-intercept (y = 0) Y-intercept (x = 0)
Example:
2. Find the y-intercept and x-intercept from the graph

The x-intercept would be 4 and

is located at the point (4, 0)

The y-intercept would be 3 and

is located at the point (0, 3)
Exercise:
1. Find the x-intercept and y-intercept of each line below!

1) xy=5

2) 2x + 3y = 12

3) 4x = 12 + 3y

4) 2x + y = 7

5) 2y = 20 4x
 2. Find the x-intercept and y-intercept of each graph

a. b.
3. SLOPE/GRADIENT

The Symbol for

SLOPE/GRADIENT = m

Think of m for Mountain

Slope can be expressed
different ways:
A line has a positive slope if it is
going uphill from left to right.

A line has a negative slope if it is

going downhill from left to right.
What is Slope?

Slope is the rate of change of a line

rise y (change in y)
slope slope
run x (change in x)
y2 y1
slope
x2 x1
What does the line look like when

o You have positive slope?

You have negative slope?

You have zero slope?

You have NO slope/undefined?

Positive
slope, Negative
+ work slope,
- work

Zero
NO
slope is
slope.
zero fun!
Oh No!!!!

Slope Mountain
Ski Resort
1.Finding Slope from a Graph
1) Determine the slope of the line.

When given the graph, it is easier to apply

rise over run.
Determine the slope of the line.
1. Pick two points on the line
The points need to be where the lines cross so they are
integers
2. Find the rise and run
3. Determine if the slope of the line is positive or negative
rise 3 1
= =
6 run 6 2
3
Notice the slope is positive
AND the line increases!
What is the slope of a horizontal line?

The line doesnt rise!

0
m 0
number
All horizontal lines have a slope of 0.
What is the slope of a vertical line?

The line doesnt run!

number
m undefined
0
All vertical lines have an undefined slope.
Exercise
1. Find the slope of each line below
y
RISE
Slopes:
RUN
4 1

4 1
0
0
6
x
4 8 4

2 1
4 3
4
2
undefined
0
2.Slope of line through 2 points
To find the slope of a line through 2 given points we use the formula
y2 y1

slope
example,
x2 x1
1. Find the slope of a line that goes through (-3, 5) and (2, 18)

-3 5 2 18
X1 y1 X2 y2

y2 y1 13
slope
x2 x1 5
 Exercise
1. Find the slope of the line that passes through
a. (3, 5) and (-1, 4)
b. (9, 2) and (8, -7)
c. (-4, 4) and (-7, 2)
d. (5, -1) and (9, -4)
e. (3,7) and (5, 19)
3.Finding Slope and y-intercept from an equetion

If given an equation of a line, there are

2 ways to find the slope and y-intercept:
 st
1 way: One method is to
write the equation in
slope-intercept form,
which is y = mx + C.
slope
y-intercept
Example:
1. Find the slope and y-intercept of the
following equations.
y = 3x +
Ans:

y = 3x +
slope = 3
y-intercept =
 2nd way: Another method to
find the slope if given
an equation of a line
is to write the equation
in the form Ax + By = C.

m = -A/B, y-intercept = C/B

Example:
1. Find the slope and y-intercept of
8x + 11y = 7 .
Ans:

A B C
8x + 11y = 7

m= -8/11 y-intercept = 7/11

Example:
1. Find the slope and y-intercept of
the following equations, -6x = 2y + 14
Ans:
First, rewrite the equation in
the form Ax + By = C.
-6x - 2y = 14
m= 6/-2
y-intercept = 14/-2
m= -3
= -7
Exercise:
Find slope and y-intercept from these aquation:
1. y = -3x + 4 4. 3x + y = 7

2. -3x + 9y + 9 = 0 5. y = -3x + 1
2
3. y x 1 6. 4x = 3y - 12
3
4. Finding the Equation of a Line from the Slope
one Point on the Line

Find the x-coordinat and y-coordinat

Find b, with Subtituting x and y into
equation y = mx + c
Arrange into the equation y = mx + c
Example
1.A straight line has a gradient of 2 and passes
through the point A(1,3). Find the y-intercept and
the equetion of this line.
Ans:
m = 2, x = 1, y = 3
Subtitution, x = 1 and y = 3 into y = 2x + b, so we have
3 = (2 x 1) + c
3=2+c
c= 3 2 = 1

With a y-intercept of 1, the full equation of this line is

Y = mx + c
Y = 2x + 1
2. Find the equation of the line that is parallel to 3y + 2x + 6 = 0
and passes Trough the point (6,2).
Ans:
1st: rearrange the given equation into the form y = mx + b.
3y + 2x + 6 = 0
3y = -2x 6
2 6 2
y = x = 2
3 3 3
2
The gradient of the given line is, m =
3
2nd: subtitute the point (6,2) into this new equation to give:
2
2 = -( 6) +
3
2 = -4 + b
b=6

The equation of the new line is y = +

3. Find the equation of the line passing through A(1,3)
and B(2,5)

Ans:
1st : Find gradient/slope
2 1 5 3
m= = =2
2 1 21
Equation of the line is y = 2x + b

2nd: Subtituting one points (either one will do) into the
equation
3 = 2.1 + b
32=b
b=1
So, we have the full equation of this line is y = 2x + 1
Exercise
1.Work out the equation for each straight the line,
given the gradient/slope and one point on the line
No Gradient/Slope Point
1. 2 (3,2)
2. -5 (-1,3)
3.
1 (2,1)
4
2. Write down the equation of the line that is parallel to the
given line and passes through the given point
No Point Equation
1. (4,3) X + 2y = 3
2. (5,2) x 2y + 3 = 0
3. (-4,-1) 4y + x = -8
3. Find the equation of the line that passes through
each of these pairs of points.
a) (0,5) dan (2,0)
1 3 1
b) ( , 1) ,
2 4 2
c) (-3,-5) and (-1,3)