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Foundation
Computing II
Chapter 1
Introduction to Computer
and Programming
Teh FaradillaAbdul Rahman
Language PUSAT ASASI
UiTM PUNCAK ALAM
2
Lecturer Details
Name: Teh Faradilla binti Abdul
Rahman
Room: FSK 1,5, level 7, no.12
Contact nu: 03-3258 4932
Email address: dtextfara@gmail.com
3 November 4, 2017
Learning Outcomes :
Overview of computer and its application
Computer components
Evolution of Programming Languages
Introduction
to C Programming
The Programming Process using C
programming
4
Introduction
Computer an electronic devices consist of
hardware and software and perform tasks and
produce the output
Categories of Computers
Individuals
Desktop : PC, iMac
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
IPhone or Smart Phone
Organizations
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Servers
Minicomputers
6
Computer Components
Computer
Hardware Software
Any part of the computer The set of computer
that can be physically touch programs that enables the
Input and Output devices hardware to perform
different tasks.
Application
System
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Computer Hardware
Computer Software
Software
program1
Error free
Compiled Executable
Programmer file (*.exe)
writes program & debug
14
Generation of Programming
language
Machine language
Assembly language
High Level language
Compiler
machine language program
Computers understand
People understand
binary(11011)
program
18
Computer
language
evolution
Machine Language
Binary number codes understood by a specific CPU.
Lowest level of language
Represent data and program instructions as 1s and 0s
The only language that computer directly understand
(Do not require translator)
Not convenient to read and use.
First generation language
Machine - dependent
Example:
To calculate wages = rates * hours in machine
language:
100100 010001 //Load
100110 010010 //Multiply
100010 010011 //Store
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Assembly Language
Second generation language
Developed to replace 1s and 0s use in machine
language.
Use mnemonic codes : abbreviations that easy to
remember
Requires a translator to translate the assembly program
into machine language ( assembler).
Difficult to learn
Machine-dependent
Assembly Language
Low level language.
Unique to particular computer.
Use mnemonics symbols. E.g. MULT Multiply
Easier to understand.
A program is written in source code (text file) and
translated into machine language by an assembler.
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Comparison
A Machine-language Program Fragment and Its
Assembly-Language Equivalent
Memory Address Machine-Language Assembly-Language
Instructions Instructions
Examples :
To calculate the wages = rates * hours
Machine language
100100 010001 //Load
100110 010010 //Multiply
100010 010011 //Store
Assembly language
LOAD rate
MULT hour
STOR wages
Language Translator
Program need to translate because computer only understand machine
language
Assembler
Used in assembly language for translate the language to machine
language
Interpreter
Translates one program code statement at a time.
Immediately displays feedback when it finds error.
Compiler
Translating the source code from its original language into machine
code.
Converts the entire source program into machine language at one
time
29
Natural Language
o Like our natural language (such as Malay, English,
French, or Chinese)
o Its use is still quite limited.
30
C Language
Is a structured programming language
High level language
Is a case sensitive language
Developed by Dennis Rithcie (1972)
ANSI define a standard on C (1983), which
was followed by ISO (1990)
Designed for writing system software
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Example of a C Program
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Program Development
High Level
Language to
Machine
Language
(Executable file)
Programmer
Code
Code
Executable Code
35
Integrated Development
Environments (IDEs)
An integrated development environment, or IDE,
combine all the tools needed to write, compile, and
debug a program into a single software
application.
Examples are Code Blocks, Microsoft Visual C,
Borland C Builder, CodeWarrior, etc.
37
Exercise
A _____________ translates high-level
language program into ___________.
A(n) _______ provides access to system
programs for editing and compiling.
A C program is saved on disk as a(n) ______
file.
The _______ find syntax error in the _________.
In high-level or assembly language, you can
reference data using ____________ rather
than memory cell address.
_____________ is composed for units such as
disk, flash memory, CDs or DVDs.
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References
C How to Program, 7th Edition, Pearson,
Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel
C Programming a Q & A Approach, Mc
Graw Hill, H.H. Tan, T.B. DOrazio, S.H.Or and
Marian M.Y.Choy
C Program Design for Engineers, 2nd Edition,
Addison Wesley Jeri R. Hanly and Eliot B.
Koffman
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Self Exercises:
1. What is computer language?
2. Briefly explain what are the different types of
computer language?
3. What Is a Computer Language Translator?
4. What is the very first computer programming
language in history?
5. How many types of computer language?
6. State the differences between Machine Language
and Assembly Language. Give an example of
instructions for each language.
7. What is IDEs?