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Teori Motivasi

Instrumentality Theory

It assumes that people only work for


money
Person will be motivated to work if
monetary rewards and penalties are tied
directly to the performance
Teori ini masih banyak diadaptasi
Efektif untuk situasi tertentu
Needs Theory: Abraham Maslow
It assumes that all behaviors are motivated by
unsatisfied needs that creates disequilibrium
Process:
identify goals that satisfies the need
Selection of behavior pathway leading to the
achievement of the goals
Person has different needs at various stage of
life
Expectancy Theory

Motivation is likely only when a clearly


perceived relationship exist between
performance and outcome, and satisfies the
need.
Formula: EF = f(EV) & EF = TU x P
Created by Vroom (1964)
Developed by Porter and Lawler (1968)
PORTER-LAWLER MODEL (Steers, 1996)

4 8
1 Kemampuan Penghargaan
Nilai dan bakat yang dirasa
penghargaan
pantas

3 6 7 9

Usaha Kinerja Penghargaan Kepuasan

2 5
Kemungkinan Persepsi
kinerja akan diberi terhadap
penghargaan peran
Goal Theory

Motivation and performance are higher


under 3 conditions:
Specific goals of individual
Goals are challenging and difficult to
achieve
Feed back on performance

Created by Latham & Locke (1979)


Dalam setting sistem pembiayaan
Indonesia, apakah teori ini bisa berjalan?
Reactance Theory (Brehm, 1965)

Needs and behavior are closely related


If people have freedom to behave as they
wish, they will choose the behavior that
maximizes their need for satisfaction
Freedom is the first factor
Individuals are not passive receivers and
responders
Motivasi hanya timbul bila individu memiliki
nilai & orientasi yang sama dengan
organisasi
Equity Theory (Adams, 1965)

Motivation will be enhanced if people


think they are being treated fairly
Comparative analysis is used by
individuals toward their colleague within
as well as outside the organization
Bandingkan motivasi tenaga kesehatan
di sektor swasta dan sektor pemerintah
Self-Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1982)

People are more likely to be motivated to


do a better job if they believe they are
able to do so
Bagaimana strategi meningkatkan
motivasi melalui teori ini?
Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977)

Motivation is determined by both internal and


external factors
Incentive scheme that manipulate only the
external factors and ignore the internal ones
may not be effective in motivating people
Perilaku individu dipengaruhi oleh perilaku
masa lalu
Perilaku mempengaruhi situasi dan situasi
akan mempengaruhi perilaku
Bagaimana dengan kasus perilaku tenaga
kesehatan di rumah sakit?
Attribution Theory (Armstrong, 1995)

There are 4 key success factor in


motivating people:
Ability
Effort (positive factor)

Task Difficulty (negative factor)

Luck (negative factor)

Apa hubungannya dengan sistem


penggajian PNS?
Role Model Theory

Motivation is enhanced by high-performing


role model
Motivation schemes can be more effective
if an ideal performance can be copied
Bagaimana dengan situasi di tempat kerja
anda? Mudahkah mencari role model?
Terima Kasih

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