The state and elements

State is an assemblage of politically

organised people who permanently reside
on a definite territory, have their own
government whose laws are obeyed by
them as a habit and they are completely
free from any sort of control both internal
and external.
 According to Garner The state as a
concept of Political Science and public law
is a community of persons, more or less,
numerous, permanently occupying a definite
portion of territory independent or nearly so
of external control and possessing an
organised government to which greater
body of inhabitants render habitual
obedience
 According to Aristotle -: State is a
union of families and villages having for its
end a perfect and self- sufficient life by
which we mean a happy and honourable
life
 Essential elements
State has four essential elements
Population
Fixed territory
Government
sovereignty
 Other characteristics of the state
Utility
All comprehensiveness
Continuity
Permanence
Equality
International recognition
 State and society
Meaning of society-: Society is a
comprehensive association of peaceful and
willed relations of men who join together
for the fulfillment of their common
objectives. for the fulfillment of his
various needs an individual forms various
associations, institutions and communities
and all these are the component of society
 Distinction between state and
society
Society is older than state
The scope of society is much wider than the
scope of state
State is sovereign , society is not
Fixed territory is essential for the state not for
the society
Organization is essential for state not for society
State is concerned with external actions whereas
society is concerned with both internal and
external actions
State is part of society
State has coercive power, society has
persuasive power
 State and Government
Meaning Of Government-: government is
the agency of which express and
implement the will of the state.
 Distinction between state and
government
Government is the element of the state
Fixed territory is essential for the state,
not for the government
State is sovereign, government is not
Membership of state is compulsory not of
the government
State without government is not possible
but government is possible without state
 State is permanent whereas government
is temporary
State is similar everywhere, governments
are not
State is abstract, government is concrete
State is master, government is its servant
People can oppose the government but
not the state
 Conclusion
On the basis of above we come to the
conclusion that population, fixed territory,
government and sovereignty are essential
attributes of a state and in the event of the
absence of any one of theses four attributes, the
state can not exist.
State and society are two different institution
and both have wide differences. But in spite of it
both have close relationship. There is also wide
difference between state and government. State
needs a tool to get its policies implemented and
this organization and tool is government.
 References
Aggarwal R.C., Principles of Political Science,
S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1976.
Badyal, J.S, Political Theory, Raj Publishers,
2012, Jalander.
Garner James Wildford, Political Science and
Government, The World Press Priviate LTD.
Calcutta, 1951.
Gauba O.P, An Introduction to Political Theory,
Macmillan Publisher, Delhi, 2009.
 Heywood Andrew, Political Theory An
Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, New York,
2005.
Misra K.K & Iyengar Kalpana. M, Modern Political
Theory, S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1988.
Ray Amal, Political Theory Idess and Institutions,
The World Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1988
Johari J.C, Principles of Modern Political
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