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Total slides: 98

Text slides : 79

Illustrations :19

Time of presentation : 1 hr
Reference textbooks
Orban's oral histology and embryology.
Ed 12
Ten Cate's oral histology. Ed 7
Shafer's textbook of oral pathology. Ed 6
Sturdevant's art and science of operative
dentistry Ed 5
Contents
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

STRUCTURE OF DENTIN
TYPES OF DENTIN
DENTINOGENESIS
MINERALIZATION
AGE AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES
 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
DEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES
CONCLUSION
Introduction
Dentin is a hard, elastic,yellow-
white,avascular tissue enclosing the central
pulp chamber

Provides the bulk and general form of the

tooth

Characterized as hard tissue with tubules

throughout its thickness
Physical properties

Colour- light yellowish (young), become darker

with age

Compressive, tensile & flexural strength-

greater than enamel

Elastic subject to slight deformation

Permeable- depending on the size & patency

of the tubules which will decline with age
Knoops hardness-68 kg/mm

Shear strength-138MPa

Compressive strength-297MPa

Tensile strength-40MPa

Fracture toughness-3.1MNm/

Co-efficient of thermal expansion-8.310/k

Chemical properties

Organic matter 35%

Inorganic material 65%
Organic- collagen fibrils + ground
substance of mucopolysaccharides
( proteoglycans & glycosaminoglycans)
Type I collagen (principal type); small
amounts of Type III & Type V
 Inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals

Each crystal is composed of several unit cells

each unit cell 3Ca3(PO4)2.Ca(OH)2

Crystals are plate-shaped & much smaller

than that of the enamel
Structure
Dentinal tubules:
Tapered structure and gives off branches
Course of dentinal tubules follow a gentle
curve in the crown S in shape
Starting at right angles from the pulpal
surface, the first convexity of this doubly
curved course is directed toward the apex of
the tooth
2.5 micron meter in diameter near the pulp,
1.2 near the midportion and 900 nanometer
near the DEJ
 Dentinal fluid of dentinal tubules has a similar
composition of that of plasma

Contains serum proteins, including fibrinogen,

albumin, & immunoglobulins

Na+,K+, Ca2+, Cl-, bicarbonates, phosphates ,

sulphates, amino acids, glucose, urea, ATP, HMP
 Contents of Dentinal Tubules
The odontoblastic process
Nerve terminals
Very thin inner organic lining or membrane
high in GAG called . It
is important for regulation & inhibition of
calcification of dentinal tubules

- filled with extracellular dentinal fluid.
Peritubular Dentin
Dentine that immediately surrounds the
dentinal tubules
Forms the walls of the dentinal tubules
Highly mineralized ( about 9%) than
intertubular dentin
Twice as thick in outer (0.75m)than in
inner dentin(0.4m)
Constricts dentinal tubules to a diameter
of 1m near DEJ
Intertubular dentin
Constitutes the main body of dentin
Located between zones of peritubular
dentin
Half of its volume is organic matrix
(collagen fibres)
Fibrils diameter 0.5-0.2m
Hydroxyapatite crystals (0.1m in length)
formed along the fibres long axis
parallel to collagen fibres
Predentin
Located adjacent to pulp tissue
2-6m wide, depending on activity of
odontoblast
First formed dentin; not mineralized
As the collagen fibres undergo
mineralization at the predentin-dentin
front, the predentine then becomes
dentin & a new layer of predentin forms
circumpulpally
Odontoblast process

Dentinal tubules found throughout the

normal dentine
Odontoblast cells are arranged in a layer in
the pulpal surface of the dentine
Cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts are
included in the tubules in the mineralized
matrix
Each cell gives rise to one process, which
traverse the predentine & calcified dentine
within one tubule & terminates in a
branching network at the junction with
enamel or cementum
Types of dentin
Dentin

Tertiary dentin
Primary Secondary
dentin dentin

Mantle Circumpulpal
dentin dentin
Primary dentin
Dentin formed before the completion of
the apical foramen of root
Primary dentin-noted for its regular
pattern of tubules
Mantel dentin
First formed dentin in the crown
underlying the DEJ
This zone being soft- provides cushioning
effect to the tooth
Forms outermost part of primary dentin
20m thick
Fibrils formed in this zone are
perpendicular to DEJ
 Organic matrix- larger collagen fibrils
than rest of primary dentine
(argyrophilic)
Type III collagen fibers
Less mineralized,fewer defects than
circumpulpal dentin
Matrix vesicles are involved in the
mineralization of mantle dentine
Circumpulpal dentin
Remaining primary dentine / bulk of tooth
Represents all of dentine formed before
root completion
Collagen fibrils much smaller in
diameter(0.05m) and more closely
packed
Has slightly more mineral content than
mantle dentin
Secondary dentin
Dentin that is formed after the
completion of the apical foramen and
continues to form throughout the life of
the tooth.

Contain fewer tubules than primary

dentine

At primary & secondary dentine interface

a bend in the tubules is present
 Greater deposition of secondary dentine
on the roof & floor of pulp chamber
leads to asymmetric reduction of pulp
space- clinically referred to as

Clinically significant in determining the

form of tooth preparation for certain
dental restorative procedures
Tertiary dentin
Reparative/ response / reactive dentine /
irregular secondary dentine

Tubules are sparse in number,irregularly

arranged or no tubules at all
 Formed in reaction to various stimuli
such as attrition,caries or restorative
procedure

Usually formed when teeth are

mechanically prepared to within 1.5mm of
the pulp