A STUDY ON GENDER DISCRIMINATION AMONG

CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
Presented by
R. KARTHIK SAI SUDHAN (ROLL.NO:04)
M.E(Construction engineering and management) (II yr)
Under the guidance of
Dr. M . P . Venkatesh ,M.E.,Ph.D.,
(Assistant professor in structural engineering)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
ANNAMALI NAGAR-608 002
 INTRODUCTION

The construction sector has the largest number of

unorganised labourers.
The women generally work in unorganized sector. viz., (long
hours of work, wage discrimination, lack of job security, no
minimum wages, lack of minimum facilities at work place,
ill-treatment, heavy physical work and sexual exploitation,
etc)
A large number of women have been joining the
construction sector as unskilled workers.
Mainstream of it being a male-dominated industry.
This paper will brief the history of womens participation in
construction work
 SCOPE

To Identify gender discrimination among

construction workers
To study an Empowerment of Women
Construction Workers.
Scope of this study to assess the level of
problems faced by the women construction
workers.
To verify the factors that influences the wages
of men and women construction Workers.
 OBJECTIVES

To identify and solve the problems faced

women construction workers.
To analyze the socio- economic condition
This study also find out the reasons why
women construction workers should be
empowered to become masons
To recognize the obstacles and problems
faced by women construction workers
 METHODOLOGY

Literature study.
To collect the data's in the construction site by
questionnaire survey.
To analyse the data using descriptive statistics
and fuzzy logic
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY (YEAR) NAME OF JOURNAL

1. Ishrat Parveen and Gender Discrimination They aims to examine gendered

Soma Dey, in the Construction division of labour and the wage gap in
Department of Women Industry of the construction sector of Bangladesh.
and Gender Studies, BANGLADESH They Examines Workers through
University of Dhaka, interviews, as well as observation at the
Dhaka, Bangaladesh. Int. J. Green Economics site.
There finding results Employers also
(2009)
hire women workers when they need an
abundance of cheap labourers
Their poverty, ignorance, lack of
opportunity and the societal
construction of femininity compel them
to accept unequal pay
2. Dr. B . RAVI KUMAR Gender Discrimination They shows many women workers are
Assistant Professor Among Construction illiterate, widows, only earning members
Sree Vidyanikethan Workers with Reference of the family.
Engineering College, to VIJAYAWADA And also shows why women are not
Tirupati, India. promoted as masons, and they are not
(2013) Journal of Sociology and given an opportunity to be trained
informally like men, in this 236 women
Social Work
willing to become mason.
This finding also shows women
workers are competent enough to be
trained to become masons.
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY NAME OF JOURNAL
(YEAR)

3. Krishna Kakad, Gender Discrimination This article documents the processes

Program Officer, in the Construction of discrimination that women workers
The United Nations Industry: face, based on his field surveys in
IFAD-WFP Gender The Case of Two Cities Ahmedabad and Trivandrum,
Mainstreaming in India This study says Better
Project in Asia-Pacific, implementation, and Market based
New Delhi, India.. Gender, Technology and mechanisms where the demand for
(2002) Development, higher skill levels and better services
Sage Publication might create conditions to arrest
gender discrimination.

4. Andrew Agapiou, Perceptions of gender He presents a womens roles within the

Division of Civil roles and attitudes industry and the ways in which people
Engineering, toward work make sense of their working experience
University of Dundee, among male and female when traditional gender roles are
Nethergate, operatives in the challenged.
Dundee DD1 4HN, Scottish His study found, that men in this
industry regarded as the gatekeepers are
UK construction industry
now finding ways to respond to and
(2002)
make sense of a changing workplace,
Construction Women are now actively encouraged to
Management and participate and legally protected against
Economics discrimination and more highly
represented in non-traditional.
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY (YEAR) NAME OF JOURNAL
5. Annette Barnabas et al , Prospects of Women They analyses the data from a large
Head of the Department Construction Workers in sample of men and women construction
of Management Studies, Tamil Nadu, workers, and proposes ways to empower
M.A.M. College of South India women workers.
Engineering, They collected data from 400 women
Tiruchirapalli 621 105. Indian Journal of Gender and 400 men by interview schedules.
This study suggests training for women
(2011) Studies,
as masons to equalise their opportunities.
Sage Publication
From this study half the women were
willing to be trained as masons, while 18
per cent were not sure, Only about 30 per
cent were not willing to be trained
6. Andrew R. J. Dainty Indirect Discrimination This paper explores an indirect
et al , in Construction discrimination by systematically
Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Organizations combining by two research projects
Civil and Building and the Impact on 1.Womens careers were affected by the
Engineering, Womens Careers nature of working practices within U.K
Loughborough Univ., 2.Gendered perspectives on work-life
balance within the context of the
Leicestershire, JOURNAL OF
Australian construction sector.
(2006) MANAGEMENT IN This study says how construction
ENGINEERING companies disadvantage womens careers
through their work practices and cultures.
The adverse effect of the workplace
environment on womens careers is an
important step in addressing the issues
raised in this paper
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY (YEAR) NAME OF JOURNAL
7. Kalpana Devi & U.V. Status of Female They focused this study is to identify
Kiran , Workers in Construction the factors related to the status of female
Assistant Professor Industry in India: A workers.
Department of Human Review Gender biasness, wage
Development and Family discrimination and social & education
Studies, Babasaheb IOSR Journal Of context to which the working
environment becomes difficult for them
Bhimrao Ambedker Humanities And Social
and they are remains at same level of
University, Lucknow Science
skill even after working few years.
(2013) They have to face several adverse
situations womens even though works
hard, but lag behinds the men and
remains unskilled even after hardship a
lot of years.
This study says scenario can be
changed with the government
intervention, by implementing the
policies strictly.
8. Sandra L. Fielden et al, Women in This paper review the current position
Manchester School of construction: the of women in the construction industry in
Management, University untapped resource Britain
of Manchester Institute It identifies and examines the
of Science and Construction subsequent barriers faced by womens
Technology, PO Box 88, Management and working within the construction industry,
and initiatives committed to promoting
Manchester, M60 1QD, Economics
equality for women and men in
UK (2000)
construction.
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY NAME OF JOURNAL
(YEAR)
9. S. Rasheedha Banu, Problems of Women Author identify the problems faced by
Construction Workers women construction workers And analyze
Ph.D Research Scholar, with Special Reference the socio- economic.
The researcher has collected data by self
Department of Sociology, to Mannachanallur prepared interview schedule.
Bharthidasan University, Taluk, Trichirappalli In this research women workers are facing
Tiruchirappalli, District in Tamilnadu lots of difficulties like absence of social
Tamilnadu, India International Journal of security, low wages, sexual harassment,
(2005) Trend in Research and gender discrimination, etc
Development
10. Bipasha Baruah, Gender and Author identifies the opportunities and
Globalization : constraints faced by female workers in the
California State Opportunities and city of Ahmedabad.
This study shows :- The Self-Employed
University, Long Beach Constraints Faced by Womens Association (SEWA) conducted
(2008) Women in the two surveys in 1998 and 2003 to understand
Construction Industry in the needs and priorities of construction
India workers.
A third survey was conducted in 2007 to
Labor Studies Journal assess the impacts of construction training
programs conducted by the SEWA Housing
Trust.
The author shows the need for wider
policy intervention at the state and national
level to ensure that such programs have
replicable, sustainable, and gender-equitable
results.
S.No NAME OF AUTHOR & TITLE OF PAPER & FINDING & DISCUSSION
COUNTRY NAME OF JOURNAL
(YEAR)

11. Linda Clarke et al, The European This article explores the social
University of Construction Social partners role in the gender equality
Westminster, UK. Partners: Gender agenda in European construction,
(2005) Equality in Theory They survey of the social partners in
and Practice construction in both western and eastern
Europe.
This finding shows that there are few
European Journal of
exceptions to the dominant picture of low
Industrial Relations
female representation in construction

12. M. Jahn, DISCRIMINATION This paper is aimed to discover if

faculty of Engineering, AGAINST WOMEN IN women are still being discriminated
Built Environment and THE CONSTRUCTION against, given fair and equal
Information Technology INDUSTRY IN SOUTH- opportunities as their male counterparts
University of Pretoria AFRICA in the South-African construction
(2009) Information was gathered through
interviews, questionnaires, literature,
BACHELOR OF
statistics,
SCIENCE HONOURS
It was found that the South African
Construction Industry is still extremely
male dominant with women only
contributing to ten percent of the total the
workforce.
THANK YOU