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change the future and be a part of the
change

Submitted by
Anmolak Meena
Aravind Suresh
Aravind Unni
Arjun M
Arshad Ayoob
WHAT IS WASTE DISPOSAL ?
Waste management or waste disposal are all the
activities and actions required to manage waste
from its inception to its final disposal.
This includes amongst other things collection,
transport, treatment and disposal of waste together
with monitoring and regulation.
It also encompasses the legal and regulatory
framework that relates to waste management
encompassing guidance on recycling.

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 The term normally relates to all kinds of waste, whether
generated during the extraction of raw material.
Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of
waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.

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DIFFERENT METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL

1. PREVENTING OR REDUCING WASTE GENERATION

Extensive use of new or unnecessary products is the root cause of

unchecked waste formation.

The rapid population growth makes it imperative to use

secondhand products or judiciously use the existing ones because if
not, there is a potential risk of people succumbing to the ill effects
of toxic wastes.

Disposing of the wastes will also assume formidable shape. A

conscious decision should be made at the personal and professional
level to judiciously curb the menacing growth of wastes.

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2. RECYCLING
Recycling serves to transform the wastes into products of their own
genre through industrial processing.
Paper, glass, aluminum, and plastics are commonly recycled. It is
environmentally friendly to reuse the wastes instead of adding them
to nature. However, processing technologies are pretty expensive.
3. INCINERATION
Incineration features combustion of wastes to transform them into
base components, with the generated heat being trapped for deriving
energy.
Assorted gases and inert ash are common by-products. Pollution is
caused by varied degrees dependent on nature of waste combusted
and incinerator design.
Use of filters can check pollution. It is rather inexpensive to burn
wastes and the waste volume is reduced by about 90%.

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 The nutrient rich ash derived out of burning organic wastes can
facilitate hydroponic solutions.
Hazardous and toxic wastes can be easily be rid of by using this method.
The energy extracted can be used for cooking, heating, and supplying
power to turbines.
However, strict vigilance and due diligence should be exercised to check
the accidental leakage of micro level contaminants, such as dioxins from
incinerator lines.

4. COMPOSTING:
It involves decomposition of organic wastes by microbes by allowing the
waste to stay accumulated in a pit for a long period of time.
The nutrient rich compost can be used as plant manure. However, the
process is slow and consumes a significant amount of land.
Biological reprocessing tremendously improves the fertility of the soil.

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WHAT IS A LANDFILL?
A landfill site (dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump or dumping) is
a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and the oldest
form of waste treatment .
Although the burial part is modern, historically refuse was just left
in piles or thrown into pits.
Some landfills are also used for waste management purposes,
such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or
processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling).
Unless they are stabilized, these areas may experience severe
shaking or solid liquification of the ground during a
large earthquake.

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 OPERATION OF A LANDFILL

Typically, operators of well-run landfills for

non-hazardous waste meet predefined
specifications by applying techniques to

1. confine waste to as small an area as

possible
2. compact waste to reduce volume
3. cover waste (usually daily) with layers of
soil or other types of material such as
woodchips and fine particles

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ADVANTAGES OF LANDFILLS
Landfills are often the most cost-efficient way to dispose of waste,
especially in countries like the United States with large open spaces.

While resource recovery and incineration both require extensive

investments in infrastructure, and material recovery also requires
extensive manpower to maintain, landfills have fewer fixedor
ongoingcosts, allowing them to compete favorably.

In addition, landfill gas can be upgraded to natural gasland fill gas

utilizationwhich is a potential revenue stream.

Another advantage is having a specific location for disposal that can

be monitored, where waste can be processed to remove all recyclable
materials before tipping.

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DISADVANTAGES OF LANDFILLS
Infrastructure disruption, such as damage to access roads by
heavy vehicles, may occur.
Pollution of local roads and water courses from wheels on
vehicles when they leave the landfill can be significant and
can be mitigated by wheel washing systems.
Extensive efforts are made to capture and treat leachate
from landfills before it reaches groundwater aquifers, but
engineered liners always have a lifespan, though it may be
100 years or more.
Eventually, every landfill liner will leak, allowing the leachate
to contaminate the groundwater.

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DANGEROUS GASES
Rotting food and other decaying organic waste allows
methane and carbon dioxide to seep out of the ground and
up into the air.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and can itself be a
danger because it is flammable and potentially explosive. In
properly managed landfills, gas is collected and utilized.
This could range from simple flaring to land fill gas
utilisation. Carbondioxide is the most widely
produced greenhouse gas.
It traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate
change.

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INFECTIONS

Poorly run landfills may become nuisances because

of vectors such as rats and flies which can cause infectious
diseases.
The occurrence of such vectors can be mitigated through the
use of daily cover.
Other potential issues include wildlife disruption, dust,
odour, noise pollution, and reduced local property values.

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POLLUTED SITE IN MAVOOR
ILLEGAL DUMPING.

Random convenient locations end up becoming landfills due to no strict authorities.

LACK OF PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

No proper measures are taken to ensure the disposal or reuse of the waste.

IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL MECHANISM

Most commonly done - burning away of waste is responsible for increasing air pollution.

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 Mavoor landfill site

Sign board saying

Do not litter

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How the people are affected
SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION
Leach ate formed during the rainy season forms very harmful mixture of chemicals
that may result in hazardous substances entering surface water, groundwater or
soil.

SOIL CONTAMINATION
Hazardous chemicals entering the soil can cause the soil fertility to decline.

AIR POLLUTION
Burning away waste causes release of toxic substances to the air which can cause
various kinds of respiratory diseases.
 ECONOMIC EFFECT
RECYCLING REVENUE:

When a recycled material, rather than a raw material, is used

to make a new product, natural resources and energy are
conserved.

MUNICIPAL WELL-BEING:

Dumping sites in plain vicinity and poor sanitary conditions can

lead to poorer living conditions for the people.
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NITC WASTE TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL
National Institute of Technology Calicut has taken the necessary
steps for waste treatment and disposal.

The NITC Segregation yard is located behind Chemical Engineering

Department near the chemistry Department block.

An auto is used to collect the waste from all building and send to
segregation yard.

The waste brought to the segregation yard consists of plastic, food

items, paper, etc.

They are first separated to each category.

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NITC SEGREGATION YARD

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BIO GAS TREATMENT PLANT

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WASTE SEPARATED BASED ON
PROPERTIES

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 Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet.
Dry waste includes wood and related products, metals and
glass.
Wet waste, typically refers to organic waste usually
generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight
due to dampness.
Waste can also be segregated on basis of biodegradable or
non-biodegradable waste.
They also have constructed a separate unit for treatment of
biodegradable waste.

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 It consists of two units. When one unit is filled by the first
week the second goes to operational the next week.
Simultaneously the tanks are filled. But at present the unit is
not operational.
The separated waste are loaded in huge trucks and send to
Mysore.
The biodegradable wastes are treated here in two tanks
which are constructed there. One week they fill the first
tank and the next consecutively.

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THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES ARE
COMMON:
Paper
Cardboard (including packaging for return to suppliers)
Glass
Plastics
Textiles
Wood, leather, rubber
Scrap metal
Compost
Residual waste
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DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE AND REFUSE
This discussion revealed with the following results:

That the different local conditions demand different methods of

collection and disposal.

That each municipality should select the method which after a careful
study of the specific local conditions.

The problem must include a consideration of the methods and costs

of handling all of the several kinds of refuse, between the origin in the
houses and on the streets and the points of final disposal.

That the garbage question has now reached a point where the proper
solution of each case requires the aid of the engineering profession,
just as the construction of sewerage and other sanitary works.

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SOLUTIONS TO ILLEGAL DUMPING
1. COOPERATION AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY IN
REPORTING ILLEGAL DUMPING
People in communities and societies should take required action if
they see illegal dumping. Special task forces can be formed to keep
this in check.
2. LAW ENFORCEMENT
Law enforcement and prosecution are fundamental in stoping
illegal dumping in regions. Instead of spending millions of cash on
cleaning up, special police force can be formed to keep illegal
dumping in check.
Cities and administrative districts must enforce stricter laws and
have punishments to stress the gravity of the activity.

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3. EDUCATION, AWARENESS CREATION AND PUBLICISING
SUCCESS
Outreach through education and awareness creation in
affected areas can help reduce this problem significantly.
Publicizing success through the media especially in terms of
arrests made may also help in showing people that illegal
dumping is wrong and can fuel illegal dumping prevention.
4. EMBRACING THE PRACTICE OF REDUCING, RECYCLING
AND REUSING
Illegal dumping is a result of high level of overall waste
production. If the amount of waste generated can be reduced,
then the outcome will be fewer and fewer scenarios of illegal
dumping.
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SOLUTIONS TO ILLRGAL DUMPING
Also, the promotion of recycling initiatives such as the opening
up of various designated areas for free collection of used and
obsolete waste products for recycling can reduce illegal
dumping.
The practice of reusing such as donating or selling used
products that are still in good condition should as well be
encouraged to cut back on illegal dumping.

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CONCLUSION
Despite the various new technologies that are emerging for
solid waste disposal, land filling still remains the most
common solution in the northeastern Illinois region.
The Cochin metro area produces the most waste per capita
in the state in spite of advanced and available resource
reduction and recycling options.
There is a need for further scientific studies about the SWM
process and its impact on the environment and sustainable
development. We, as the future citizens of the world, must
realize the importance of proper waste management and
take the necessary steps to curb this rising problem.
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THANK YOU