 INTRODUCTION

 STRATIGRAPHY ,FACIES ARCHITECTURE AND

DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM OF DEEP WATER
RESERVOIR
 CHALLENGES IN DEEP WATER EXPLORATION
 INDIAN DEEP WATER RESERVOIRS
 CONCLUSION
 Deep marine environments include the
continental slope and the deep sea
 These reservoir found between depth >200
meter and <4000 meter.
 Mainly sandstone reservoir
 High hydrocarbon potential reservoir.
 Very high technology is needed for detail study
of deep water reservoirs


STRATIGRAPHY ,FACIES ARCHITECTURE AND

DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM OF DEEP WATER
RESERVOIR
Architectural configuration of deep water
reservoir:
 Deep water sandstones are deposited as a result of
sub aqueous mass movement (mostly sediment
gravity flows) of varying rheology.

1) Turbidity Current (graded deposits)

2) Debris Flow (poorly sorted deposits)
3) Hyper concentrated Flow
 Deep water deposition environments

 Contrary to debris flows, turbidites exhibit a distinct

proximal to distal fining

 There are three main environments for the turbidity

flow.
1. Submarine canyon
2. Submarine fan
3. basin flow
 Submarine canyon
 Submarine canyons are present in the shelf edge and
they are eroded across continental shelves and
continue down the continental slope.
 Sediments in these canyons have linear geometry and
coarsest grains of turbidite environments occur within
submarine canyon.
 Submarine Fan
 Submarine fans are spread out at the mouth of
submarine canyons.
 Average grain size finer than submarine fan.
 Submarine fans share several characteristics with
deltas; they consist of a feeder channel that divides
into numerous distributary channels bordered by
natural levees and are subject to avulsions
• Proximal fan (trunk channel)
• Medial fan (lobes)
• Distal fan
 Proximal to distal increase in the sand: mud ratio.
 The idealized Bouma sequence, consisting of
divisions A-E, is most useful for medium-
grained, sand-mud turbidites, but it must be
applied with care
• A: Rapidly deposited, massive sand
• B: Planar stratified (upper-stage plane bed)
sand
• C: Small-scale (climbing ripple) cross-
stratified fine sand
• D: Laminated silt
• E: Homogeneous mud
Schematic representation of Bouma Sequences

16
 High-density and low-density turbidity currents give
rise to incomplete, coarse-grained (A) and fine-
grained (D-E) turbidites respectively
 Contourites are formed by ocean currents and
commonly represent reworked turbidites
 Low stand cycle of sediment flux may generate early
slope failure, slump and slide deposits associated with
falling sea level. Early slope failure deposits are often
overlain by coarser grained distributary channel sands,
which are primary reservoir targets. These sand-rich
units are mostly deposited during peak low stand times
when sediment flux and shelf bypass are at a
maximum
 Late-stage deposition of progressively finer grained
turbidites is a common product of early transgression
when shelf accommodation increases
 So very high hydrocarbon potential as

1) sand size grains

2) Low vertical thickness and high lateral
spreading
3) Depositional porosity high
 Extreme water depths, drilling platforms with rigid
frames attached to seafloor are cost prohibitive
 Deep water operations must accommodate extremely
high pressures in the cold and dark recesses of the oceans
bottom.
 Risers, the pipes which connect the drilling platform to
the well, are exposed over considerable length to the
straining pressures of multiple oceans currents.
1. Kori- Comorin
2. 8 5oE
3. Narcodam

Deepwater
43%

Category-1
17%

Category-2
5%

Category-4
Category-3
15%
20%
 Drilling in deep water is far beyond those
experienced by energy companies in shallow
water.