Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lecture 12
Dale Gary
NJIT Physics Department
Linear Momentum
and Collisions
Conservation
of Energy
Momentum
Impulse
Conservation
of Momentum
1-D Collisions
2-D Collisions
The Center of Mass
Dp pafter pbefore
mvafter mvbefore
m(vafter vbefore )
For the teddy bear
Dp m 0 (v) mv
For the bouncing ball
Dp mv (v) 2mv
November 12, 2017
How Good Are the Bumpers?
In a crash test, a car of mass 1.5103 kg collides with a wall and
rebounds as in figure. The initial and final velocities of the car are vi=-15
m/s and vf = 2.6 m/s, respectively. If the collision lasts for 0.15 s, find
(a) the impulse delivered to the car due to the collision
(b) the size and direction of the average force exerted on the car
I p f pi mv f mvi
(0.39 10 4 kg m / s) (2.25 10 4 kg m / s)
2.64 10 4 kg m / s
Dp I 2.64 104 kg m / s
Fav 1.76 105 N
Dt Dt 0.15s
November 12, 2017
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the impulse imparted to the superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 kg-m/s
(C) 20 kg-m/s I Dp mv f mvi
(D) 200 kg-m/s
(E) 2000 kg-m/s
November 12, 2017
Impulse-Momentum Theorem 2
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the force between the sidewalk and the
superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 N I Dp mv f mvi
F
(C) 20 N Dt Dt Dt
(D) 200 N
(E) 2000 N
November 12, 2017
Conservation of Momentum
In an isolated and closed system,
the total momentum of the
system remains constant in time.
Isolated system: no external forces
Closed system: no mass enters or
leaves
The linear momentum of each
colliding body may change
The total momentum P of the
system cannot change.
Since F21Dt F12Dt
Then m1v1 f m1v1i (m2 v2 f m2 v2i )
So m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
0 m1v1 f m2 v2 f
m2 0.5kg
v1 f v2 f (50.0m / s) 0.417m / s
m1 60.0kg
November 12, 2017
Conservation of Momentum
A 100 kg man and 50 kg woman on ice
skates stand facing each other. If the woman
pushes the man backwards so that his final
speed is 1 m/s, at what speed does she recoil?
(A) 0
(B) 0.5 m/s
(C) 1 m/s
(D) 1.414 m/s
(E) 2 m/s
pi p f
m1v1i m2 v2i
vf
m1 m2
v f 5.00m / s
m1Dv1 m2 Dv2 0
November 12, 2017
An SUV Versus a Compact
(c) Find the change in the kinetic
m
energy of the system consisting 1 1.80 10 3
kg, v1i 15m / s
of both cars. m2 9.00 102 kg, v2i 15m / s
v f 5.00m / s
1 1
KEi m1v1i m2 v22i 3.04 105 J
2
2 2
1 1
KE f m1v1 f m2 v22 f 3.38 10 4 J
2
2 2
DKE KE f KEi 2.70 105 J
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
m1 (v12i v12f ) m2 (v22 f v22i )
v v ( v v )
m1 (v11i i v1 f )(v21ii v1 f ) m21(fv2 f v22i )(f v2 f v2i )
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f m1 (v1i v1 f ) m2 (v2 f v2i )
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
November 12, 2017
Summary of Types of Collisions
In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
5.00 104 kg m / s
tan q 1.33
3.75 10 kg m / s
4
m1 x1 m2 x2
xCM
m1 m2
where M = m1 + m2 + m3 +
1 n
m1 x1 m2 x2 m3 x3
xCM
M
i 1
mi xi
m1 m2 m3
1 n
m1 y1 m2 y2 m3 y3
yCM
M
i 1
mi yi
m1 m2 m3
F ext MaCM