FUZZY LOGIC

FUZZY LOGIC
Definition of Fuzzy : Not clear,Vague,blurred.
Definition of Fuzzy Logic : A form of knowledge representation suitable for notations
that can't be defined precisely, but which depend upon context.
Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a method of reasoning that resembles human reasoning.
Logic may have two values and represents two possible solutions.
Fuzzy logic is a multi valued logic and allows intermediate values to be defined.
The Truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1
Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle the concept of partially truth, where the
truth value may range between completely true and completely false.
It is a flexible Machine Learning Technique.
HISTORY OF FUZZY
The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set
theory by Lotfi Zadeh.
But when we look at the history of Fuzzy Logic, we find that the first important
person for its development was Buddha.
He lived in India about 500 BC and founded a religion called Buddhism.
His philosophy was based on the thought that the world is filled with
contradictions, that almost everything contains some of its opposite, or in other
words, that things can be A and not A at the same time.
Here we can see a clear connection between Buddha's philosophy and modern
fuzzy logic.
In the year 1987, the first subway system was built which worked with a fuzzy
logic-based automatic train operation control system in Japan. It was a big
success and resulted in a fuzzy boom.
FUZZY SET
Fuzzy sets are sets whose elements have degrees of memberships.
Fuzzy sets were introduced simultaneously by Lotfi Zadeh and Dieter Klaua in 1965
as an extension of classical notation of sets.
In classical set theory, the membership of elements in a set is assessed in binary terms
according to a bivalent condition --- an element either belongs or doesn't belong to
the set.
By contrast, fuzzy set theory permits the gradual assessment of the membership of
elements in a set; this is described with the aid of membership function valued in the
real interval [0,1].
In Fuzzy set theory, classical bivalent sets are usually called crisp sets.
The fuzzy set theory can be used in a wide range of domains in which information is
incomplete or imprecise, such as bioinformatics.
MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION
Maps elements of a fuzzy set to real numbered values in the interval 0 to 1.
The curve representing the mathematical function is a membership function that
determines the degree of belonging of member x to the fuzzy set T.
FUZZY LOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
FUZZIFICATION AND DEFUZZIFICATION
Fuzzification : The process of transforming crisp(bivalued) input values into linguistic
values is called fuzzification.
Crisp inputs are exact inputs measured by sensors and passed into the control system
for processing, such as temperature, pressure etc.
Inference Engine: Using IF-Then type fuzzy rules converts the fuzzy input to the fuzzy
output
Defuzzification : It is the process of producing a quantifiable result in Crisp logic, by
given fuzzy sets and corresponding membership degrees.
OPERATIONS ON FUZZY SETS
UNION:
The membership function of the Union of two
fuzzy sets A and B with membership functions
A and B and respectively is defined as
the maximum of the two individual
membership functions. This is called the
maximum criterion.
INTERSECTION:
The membership function of the Intersection of
two fuzzy sets A and B with membership
functions A and B respectively is defined as
the minimum of the two individual membership
functions. This is called the minimum criterion.
OPERATIONS
COMPLEMENT
The membership function of the
Complement of a Fuzzy set A with
membership function A is defined as the
negation of the specified membership
function. This is caleed the negation
criterion.
 APPLICATIONS IN FUZZY LOGIC
Automatic Gear Transmission System: It uses several variables like speed, acceleration, throttle
opening, rate of change of throttle opening, engine load and assigns a weight to each of these. A
Fuzzy aggregate is calculated from these weights and is used to decide whether to shift gears.
Washing Machine: Sense the load size, detergent amount etc. Keep a track of the water clarity. At
start of cycle, the water will be clean and will allow light to pass through it easily. As the wash cycle
proceeds, the water becomes discolored and allows less light to pass through it. This information is
used and control decisions are made.
Television: A Fuzzy logic scheme uses sensed variables such as ambient lighting, time of the day
and user profile to adjust parameters such as screen brightness, color, contrast and sound.
Criminal Search System: Helps in criminal investigation by analyzing photos of the suspects along
with their characteristics like "short,young-looking.." form witnesses to determine the most likely
criminals
Air Conditioners : Using Fuzzy Rules like "If the ambient air is getting warmer, turn the cooling
power up a little; if the air is getting chilly, turn the cooling power down moderately" etc. The
machine will become smoother as a result of this and give more consistent comfortable room
temperatures.