Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GONORRHOEAE
R.Varidianto Yudo T., dr
CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom : Bacteria
Phylum : Proteobacteria
Class : Beta Proteobacteria
Order : Neisseriales
Family : Neisseriaceae
Genus : Neisseria
Species : N. gonorrhoeae
EPIDEMIOLOGY
The most common people to contract this disease are
sexually active and most often younger people from
ages 15-30, who have multiple sex partners.
Gonorrhea occurs more frequently in urban areas than
from rural areas.
Adult women have a three times higher chance of
contracting gonorrhea than in men, and girls aged 10 to
14 are four times more likely to get it boys of the same
age.
Teenagers have the highest rates of infection
than other age groups.
A man, who has intercourse with an infected
partner, has a 30-50% chance of contracting the
disease.
However, a woman who has intercourse has a
much higher chance of 60-90%
MORPHOLOGY
Neisseria are gram negative cocci 0.6 to 1.0 m in
diameter.
The organisms are usually seen in pairs (diplococci)
with adjacent sides flattened.
N. gonorrhoeae has no capsules. Other Neisseria
species produce surface poly-saccharides as loosely
associated envelopes or intact capsules.
Fimbriae or pili are present on virulent N. gonorrhoeae
Neisseria are not motile.
Left: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram stain of pure culture;
Right: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram stain of a pustular
exudate
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
CHARACTERISTIC
Neisseria species of bacteria are highly fastidious gram-
negative cocci, that is, they require special nutrients to
survive.
Strains of N. gonorrhoeae are variable in their cultural
requirements so that media containing hemoglobin,
NAD, yeast extract and other supplements are needed
for isolation and growth of the organism. Cultures are
grown at 35-36 degrees in an atmosphere of 3-10%
added CO2.
The microbe readily grows on complex media and
several of its growth properties are important in
identification.
N. gonorrhoeae has a very narrow temperature range
for growth of 35-37C.
Drying kills the microbe in 1 to 2 hours, but N.
gonorrhoeae can survive for several hours on clothing and
other surfaces, and bodily fluids seem to have a
preservative effect. For example, it has been known to
survive for 6 to 7 weeks in dried pus. It is an obligate
pathogen, and humans are the only natural host for the
microbe.
DISEASE
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a species of Gram-
negative bacteria responsible for the disease
gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease
Symptoms include a purulent (or pus-like)
discharge from the genitals which may be foul
smelling, a burning sensation during urination
and conjunctivitis commonly in neonatal
infection, also occasionally in adults.
Gonorrhea has many undesirable effects. In
men, the short-term effects include painful
urination, creamy or green pus-like penile
discharge, and testicular pain. The long-term
effects include Epididymitis -which is an
inflammation of the testicles that can cause
sterility. If Gonorrhea is left untreated, the
infection can spread to the testicles, which
results in sterility
In women, the short-term effects include
creamy or green, pus-like vaginal discharge,
bleeding between and during menstrual periods,
painful urination, painful intercourse, and lower
abdominal pain. The long-term effects include
contracting the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
which is an infection that spreads from the
vagina and cervix, and then to the uterus and
fallopian tubes. The Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease can lead to sterility
Other long-term effects are abscesses, ectopic
pregnancy, which is a pregnancy outside of the
uterus, Perihepatitis that is an infection around
the liver, and sterility. If the disease is untreated,
the infection usually spreads from the cervix
into the uterus and Fallopian tubes, causing
pelvic inflammatory disease. Severe pain may
occur, or the infection may linger with few or no
symptoms, gradually damaging the tubes and
rendering the woman sterile.
Gonorrhea in pregnant women may be
transmitted to the infant during birth and may, if
untreated, cause a serious eye infection
(ophthalmia neonatorum).