If we envision a house or room in a house or other enclosed

space as a simple box, then we can construct a simple mass-

balance model to explore the behavior of the indoor air
quality as a function of infiltration of outdoor air, indoor
sources and sinks, and linkage to the outdoor air. If we
assume the contents of the box are well mixed, then
Rate of pollutant increase in box= rate of pollutant entering
box from outdoors
+ rate of pollutant entering box from outdoors
- rate of pollutant leaving box by leakage to outdoors
- rate of pollutant leaving box by decay
 GASEOUS POLLUTANS

ABSORPTION

Control devices base on the principle of absorption

attempt to transfer the pollutant from a gas to a liquid
phase. The dissolution may or may not be
accompanied by a reaction with an ingredient of the
liquid.
 -is a diffusion process wherein the pollutant gas
moves from point of higher concentrations to points of
lower concentration. The removal of the pollutant gas
takes place in three steps.
1. Diffusion of the pollutant gas to the surface of the liquid
2. Transfer across the gasliquid interface (dissolution)
3. Diffusion of the dissolved gas away from the interface into the liquid

COUNTERCURRENT FLOW- is the process where the

gas and liquid in opposite direction.
 Is mass transfer process in which the gas is boded to a solid.
The relation between the amount of pollutant adsorbed
and the the equilibrium pressure at constant temperature
is called in ADSORPTION ISOTHERM.

COMBUSTION- when the contaminant in the gas steam is

oxidizable to an inert gas, combustion is a possible
alternative method of control. Typically, CO and
hydrocarbons fall into this category. Both direct flame
combustion by afterburners and catalytic combustion have
been used in the commercial applications.
 Systems fall into two brad categories: nonregenerative
and regenerative.
In nonregenerative systems the reagent used to remove
the sulfur oxides from the gas steam is used and
discarded.
In regenerative systems reagent is recovered and
reused.
In terms of the number and size of systems installed ,
nongenerative systems dominate.
 Almost all nitrogen oxide air pollution results from combustion
processes. They are produced from the oxidation of nitrogen bound in
the fuel, from the reaction of the molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the
combustion air at temperatures above 1600k, and from the reaction of
nitrogen in the combustion air with hydrocarbon radicals.
PREVENTIONS
1.Minimizing operating temperatures
2.Fuel switching
3.Low excess air
4.Flue gas recirculation
5.Lean combustion
6.Staged combustion
7.Low nitrogen oxide burners
8. Secondary combustions
9.water-steam injection
 CYCLONES are quite efficient for particles larger
than 10 micrometers. Conversely, they are not very
efficient for particles 1 micrometer or less in diameter.
Thus, they are employed only for course dusts. Some
applications include controlling emission of wood
dust, paper filters and buffing fibers.
LIQUID SCRUBBING. When the particular matter to
be collected is wet, corrosive, or very hot, the fabric
filter may not work. Liquid scrubbing might. Typical
scrubbing applications include control of emission of
tale dust, phosphoric acid mist, foundry cupola dust,
and open bearth steel furnace fumes.