Modals

4ESO
What are modal verbs?
Modal verbs
Want, Need, Must, Have to, May, Might, Could etc.
 Part 1 ADVICE,
OBLIGATION AND
NECESSITY
SHOULD AND OUGHT TO.
Should and Ought to = Giving advice.

If you need help, you SHOULD ask.

You OUGHT TO see a doctor.

MUST AND HAVE TO/ MUSTNT
Must and Have to = Obligation/Strong advice.

You have to wear formal clothes to an interview.

Mustnt = Something that is not allowed/Strong negative advice.

You musnt miss that Italian restaurant, its amazing!

DONT HAVE TO/DONT NEED TO/NEEDNT
Dont have to/ Dont need to/ Neednt = Lack of obligation or necessity.

You dont have to bring your lunch today, we are going out to a restaurant.
BE SUPPOSED TO
Be supposed to = Rules/Things people believe to happen or that are true.

You are supposed to bring your PE kit to school.

Its supposed to rain tomorrow.

 Complete exercise 1 p.g 129 in the grammar builder.
PART 2 POSSIBILITY,
PROBABLITY AND
CERTAINTY.
MAY, MIGHT, COULD
May, might, could = To speculate about future events.

They might finish their project today.

She may not come back tomorrow.

SHOULD/MUST/CANT
Should = To say something is likely to happen.

We should finish unit 3 next week.

Must = To talk about things we are sure are true.

He must be at work, its 10am.

Cant = To talk about things we think are impossible.

He cant be at work, its 10pm.

BE ABLE TO/CAN/COULD
Be able to = Strong possibility in the future.

When I go home, Ill be able to see if I have any messages.

Can/Could = General truths/Strong posibilities.

The competition could be finished now.

 Exercise 2 p.g. 129.
PART 3 MODALS
IN THE PAST
MAY HAVE/MIGHT HAVE/COULD HAVE
May/Might/Could have = To speculate about the past.

Alice isnt here, she could have gone to her sisters house.

Could/May/Might have + past participle.

We can use the negative MAY NOT and MIGHT NOT however, we cannot use
COULDNT HAVE to speculate about the past.
SHOULD HAVE/OUGHT TO HAVE
Should have/Shouldnt have/Ought to have = To talk about the right or wrong
way to behave in the past.

You should have listened to me.

You ought to have bought the tickets earlier.

Should have/Shouldnt have/Ought to have + past participle.

MIGHT HAVE/COULD HAVE
Might have/Could have = To say something that should have been done.

You could have told me it was your birthday!

MUST HAVE/CANT HAVE/COULDNT HAVE
Must have/Cant/Couldnt have = To make logical deductions

He cant have finished his homework, he was playing the PS4 all day yesterday.

They must have arrived already, it only is a two hour trip.

SHOULD HAVE/WAS SUPPOSED TO
Should have/Was supposed to = To talk about things that we expect to have
happened.

You were supposed to go to Lucys house at 1pm.

You should have finished by now.

NEEDNT HAVE/DIDNT NEED TO
Neednt have = An action in the past that was unecessary.

You neednt have brought food. I have ordered pizza for us.

Didnt need to = To say an action was unecessary whether it happened or not.

I didnt need to go to the supermarket because my friend took me out for dinner.