Basic needs to cross river having

bank to bank width 3 7 km

BASU SAHU
INDIANOIL CORPORATION LIMITED
(PRRPL, JHARSUGUDA)
 Why HDD is necessary?

Day by day demand of petroleum product is

increasing globally and to meet the demand,
expansion of petroleum pipeline network plays a
very important role.

Crossing of big perennial rivers and operational

roads, canals etc cannot be thought of without HDD.
Neither we can get the permission from the statutory
bodies nor it is feasible these days considering the
environmental impacts and other obstacles. HDD is
the only solution for all these.
 Success Mantra of HDD

Analysis of field
Data and each
stages of HDD
Collection of
surface and Planning &
subsurface data Innovation
(Field Data)

Success of
HDD
 Stages of HDD

1 Geotechnical Investigation

2 Design of drill path profile

3 Pilot drilling

4 Reaming

5 Fabrication & Pulling of carrier pipe

 Geotechnical investigation

Geotechnical survey is carried out to collect

subsurface data with soil test bore along the
proposed pipeline route.

Use of Geotechnical Survey :

1. To analyse scour depth of water body crossing,
2. To design of drill path
3. Selection of drill bit & reamer
 Geotechnical investigation

1. Analysis of scour depth of water body crossing

 Geotechnical investigation
2. Selection of Drill Bit:
 Geotechnical investigation

3. Selection of Reamer
Compaction
Type (Clay, Silt,
Sand, Cobble)

Mixing Type
(Clay, Sand)
Reamer
All purpose Type
(Varied Soil
Condition)

Hole Opener
(Rock)
 Design of Drill Path profile

Design Parameters:
Selection of Entry & Exit Location
Entry Angle : 8 to 20 degree
Exit Angle : 5 to 12 degree
Radius of curvature of down hole : 1200xOD to
1500xOD
Depth of Crossing : Statutory guideline and Scour
depth consideration
 Design of Pilot Drill Path

1. Effect of Elevation
Pulling load 1766 kN for 12.75 OD (PRCI -1995 )

Pulling Load 1737 kN for 12.75 OD(PRCI -1995)

 Design of Pilot Drill Path

2. Effect of Radius of curvature

(a) Pulling load 1741 kN (ROC: 400m, 12.75 OD)

(b) Pulling load 1737 kN (ROC: 500m, 12.75 OD)

 Pilot Drill Path Design

3. Effect of Entry angle & Exit angle

(a) Pulling load 1755 kN (Entry Angle : 20 degree and Exit angle : 12
degree, 12.75 OD)

(b) Pulling load 1737 kN (Entry Angle : 10 degree and Exit angle : 10
degree, 12.75 OD)
 Pilot drilling

BHA and
Drill Pipe
Rig Capacity
Steering
& method of
System
HDD

Success of
pilot
 Pilot drilling

1. Intersection method of HDD

 Pilot drilling

2. Selection of Rig
Rig capacity :

Selection of Rig dependence on pulling load. For same profile , increase in

diameter of pipeline results into increase in pulling load. Generally Mega Rig is

used for long distance HDD with max pulling load capacity > 250 t and max

torque > 100kNm.

Pulling Load :
Pulling load for 3 km HDD length for 12.75 OD: Approx 200ton

Pulling load for 3 km HDD length for 20 OD: Approx 450ton

Pulling Load for 7 km HDD Length for 12.75 OD: Approx 400ton

Pulling Load for 7 km HDD Length for 20 OD: Approx 850ton

 Pilot drilling

3. Selection of Drill pipe for pilot

Mechanical analysis and calculation for drill string
shows that the pushing force of a drill pipe exceeds
50t after crossing 3000 m.

A typical drill pipe is made in HDD Yangtze River

(China), a high-strength drill pipe of 193.7 mm (S-
135) is developed to resist a pushing force of more
than 90 t (this type of drill pipe doesn't exist in API
standard).
 Pilot drilling

4. Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

A typical Dill Assembly used in Yangtze River
(China, HDD Length 3300m, 40 OD) for
Intersection HDD Installation which can bear a
pushing force over 60 t.
 Pilot drilling

5. Steering System
In intersect HDD Installation method, Wire line
steering system Paratrack II (AC type) is used along
with combination of sources of artificial magnetic
fields which are as follows :
1. Surface cable loop on the both banks of River
2. Submarine or underground Cable loop
 Pilot drilling

3. AC beacon
4. Rotary magnetic ranging source (RMRS)
 Reaming

1. High-strength drill pipes must be used because of the high

reaming torque. The reaming torque can exceed 70kNm in
specic stage of reaming construction.
2. A modied reamer can be used, which will improve the
reaming efficiency and reduces the construction risks.
 Reaming

3) The discharge rate of drilling uid can be increased

using improved configuration of nozzle which lead
to very sufficient hydraulic cutting and little wear
for drill tools, improve working efficiency.
4) New centrifuge drilling uid recovery system can
be used to remove the harmful solids in drilling
uid and ensure the performance of drilling uid.
 Pulling of carrier pipe

A special ground anchor shall be designed by

calculating the pullback resistance to stand up to the
high pullback resistance.
 Pulling of carrier pipe

Super lubricant in bentonite shall be added to reduce

the pullback resistance.
Field Joint Coating : DIRAX Wrap-around
sleeve along with wear cone is being installed in the
front end of the drilling direction which form an
uneven seam, or step, resulting joint sleeve dragged
off from the pipe during HDD pulling, even extensive
damage of 3LPE coating in case of harsh geological
conditions as shown in fig
Defects in Dirax Sleeve
 GFRER

A modified liquid solvent-free, glass fiber reinforced

epoxy resin (GFRER) coating to protect the
anticorrosion coating on HDD pipes. As shown in
Figure GFRER is coated outside completely encasing
the 3LPE layer and field joint coating which result
into a smooth surface to favor pipe pullback.
GFRER application over HDD section at site
 World Record in the field of trenchless
installation

Jiangyin Yangtze River (China) Crossing Project set

up a record with the length of horizontal directional
drilling of 40 OD, 3300m in the World using all the
above procedures and techniques with their own
innovations.
Thank You