Computer and Its

Applications
BY: MUNTAZAR ALI
Agenda
What is Computer

Types of Computer

Parts of Computer

Software

Hardware

Operating Systems

Languages

Utilities in Windows

Applications
Computer ?
Computer is an electronic machine, which accepts data and process it according to the instruction
fetched by user, and presents it as output.
 Types of Computer
A NA LOG UE CO M P U T E RS
DIG ITA L CO M P U T E RS
H YB R I D CO MP UTERS
Analogue Computers
Analogue Computers measure continuous types of data and use physical quantity such as current
temperature and pressure.

Example: Automobiles, Speedometer, thermometer.

Digital Computers
Digital Computer is machine, which performs operation on data represented in digital. They
are useful for calculating arithmetic calculations and manipulation of data. Digital
computers are widely used in offices, schools etc.
Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer are a combination of features from both Analogue and Digital computers.
The hybrid computers may combined the speed and analogue computer memory and
accuracy of Digital computer. Hybrid computers are used in I.C.U and laboratories.
Parts of Computer
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
Hardware
Physical parts of computer are called Hardware. In other words those devices which can be
touched and seen are called hardware.
There are five parts of hardware which are:
Micro-processor (C.P.U)
Input devices
Output devices
Memory Devices
Storage Devices
Micro-processor (C.P.U)
Central Processing Unit (C.P.U) is main part of computer. Where data is processed, it is also
called brain of computer.
Further it has two Parts:
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Input Devices
Those devices which are used to feed raw data into computer are called input devices.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner etc.
Output Devices
Those devices which are used to produce output are called output devices.\
Example: Visual Display Unit (V.D.U) or Monitor, Printer, Projector etc.
Memory Devices
Memory is also storage area where software or programmes are placed when they are
opened. Memory devices store program and data during execution.
There are two types of memory:
Random Access Memory (R.A.M)
Read Only Memory (R.O.M)
Storage Devices
Those devices which used to store permanent data or program are called storage devices.
Example: Hard-disk, Floppy-disk, USB drives and CDs.
Software
A software used for operating a computer system or its application.
Further it is divided into following groups:
Operating system
Languages
Utility Program
Translators
Operating System
Operating system controls working of hardware resources and all other software.

It controls how software applications or other programmes work on the computer. Such as file-
management, saving, copying, renaming and deleting the files.

It co-ordinates between users and computers.

Language
Languages are actually mixture of system software and application software.
There are different levels of generation which are;
Machine Language: This language uses only two digits 0 and 1 to make binary code.
Assembly Language: it has the same instruction and commands as used in machine
language but it allows programmes to use names instead of binary numbers.
High Level Languages: In this level English words were used while writing a software.
Examples: C++, Visual Basic, Java etc.
Utility Program
A utility is a program which is used to manage computer system and troubleshoot hardware problems.

They are also called service programmes.

It is categorized as under:

Back-Up utility

Data recovery

Antivirus

Data compression

Defragmenter

Scan disk
Translator
To execute programmes written in high level language they are translated into machine
code.
There are three translators:
Assembler: It converts assembly language programmes into machine code.
Interpreters: This also converts program into machine code they translate one line of
program at one time.
Compilers: It converts all the source codes into machine code.
Applications
There are numerous applications of computers in todays world. Now it became the basic
need of humans to minimize the work time and to increase the accuracy of work. Following
are the few applications of computer:
Industries
Banking
Hospitals (Medical)
Robotics
Communication
Institutions and Laboratories