UNIVERSAL

ALGORITHM
 (A) Assess Responsiveness

Responsive Not Responsive

observe activate EMS
treat as indicated call for defibrillator
(A) assess breathing
(open the airway, look,
listen, and feel)

Breathing Not Breathing

place in recovery position (B) give 2 slow breath
(C) check pulse

No Pulse

Rescue breathing Endotracheal intubation Start CPR (C)

Oxygen History
IV Physical examination
Vital sign Monitor, 12 leads
Suspected Cause Ventricular fibrillation / tachycardia (VF / VT)
Present on monitor / defibrillator?

Hypotension/shock/
acute pulmonary edema Intubate VF / VT
Go to Fig 8 Confirm tube placement; Go to Fig 2
Acute MI consider end-tidal CO2
Go to Fig 9 indicator
Confirm ventilation
Arrhythmia Determine rhythm & cause

Too Slow Too Fast Electrical activity

Go to Fig 5 Go to Fig 6 Yes No

Pulseless electrical Asystole

activity (PEA) Go to Fig 4
Go to Fig 3
 Person collapses
Possible cardiac arrest
Assess responsiveness
unresponsiveness
Begin Primary ABCD Survey
(begin BLS algorithm)
Activate emergency response
system
Call for defibrillator
A assess breathing (open airway:
look, listen & feel)
Not breathing
B Give 2 slow breaths
C Assess pulse, if no pulse
C Start chest compressions
D Attach monitor / defibrillator when available
No pulse

CPR continues
Assess rhythm
 CPR continues
Assess rhythm
VF / VT Non VF / VT
Attempt defibrillation Non VF/VT
(up to 3 shocks if VF/VT persists) (asystole or PEA)

Secondary ABCD survey

Airway: attempt to place airway device
Breathing: confirm and secure airway device,
ventilation, oxygenation
Circulation: gain intravenous access; give adrenergic
agent; consider antiarrhytmics, buffer agents, pacing
Non VF/VT patients:
Epinephrine 1 mg VI, repeat every 3-5 minutes
VF/VT patients:
Vasopressin 40 U IV, single dose, 1 time only
or
Epinephrine 1 mg IV, repeat every 3-5 minutes (if no
CPR for response after single dose of vasopressin, may resume CPR up
1 minute epinephrine 1 mg IV push; repeat every 3-5 minutes) to
Differential Diagnosis: search for and treat reversible 3 minute
causes
SELESAI