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Monday, November 20, 2017

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand a single pair of brackets


Example 1: Expand w (x + y)

w ( x + y )

= w x x + w x y
= wx + wy
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 2: Expand 3 (a - c)

3 ( a - c )
= 3 x a - 3 x c

= 3a - 3c

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 3: Expand 7g (m + 2n)

7g ( m + 2n )
= 7g x m + 7g x 2n

= 7gm + 14gn

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 4: Expand 4e ( r + 2s 8t)

4e ( r + 2s - 8t )
= 4e x r + 4e x 2s - 4e x 8t

= 4er + 8es - 32et

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Monday, November 20, 2017

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (w + v)(x + y)

( w + v ) ( x + y )

= wxx + w x y +vxx + vxy


= wx + wy + vx + vy

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(c + d)

( 2e + f ) ( c + d )

= 2e x c + 2e x d +fxc + fxd
= 2ce + 2de + cf + df

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (2m + n)(p - s)

( 2m + n ) ( p - s )

= 2m x p + 2m x (-s) + n x p + n x (-s)
= 2mp - 2ms + np - ns

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (r + 4)(r + 3)

( r + 4 ) ( r + 3 )
= rxr + r x 3 +4xr + 4x3
= r2 + 3r + 4r + 12
= r2 + 7r + 12
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)(e + 2f)

( 2e + f ) ( e + 2f )
= 2e x e + 2e x 2f +fxe + f x 2f
= 2e2 + 4ef + ef + 2f2
= 2e2 + 5ef + 2f2
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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXERCISE

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand double pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (w + 4)(w - 3)

( w + 4 ) ( w - 3 )
= wxw + w x (-3) + 4 x w + 4 x (-3)
= w2 - 3w + 4w - 12
= w2 + w - 12
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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXPAND DOUBLE PAIRS OF BRACKETS


In general , (a+b)2= a2 + 2ab + b2 or
(a-b)2= a2 - 2ab + b2

HJ. AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 1: Expand (r + 4)2

( r + 4 ) ( r + 4 )

= rxr + r x 4 +4xr + 4x4


= r2 + 4r + 4r + 16
= r2 + 8r + 16 AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 2: Expand (2e + f)2

( 2e + f ) ( 2e + f )

= 2e x 2e+ 2e x f + f x 2e + f x f
= 4e2 + 2ef + 2ef + f2
= 4e2 + 4ef + f2 AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Expand same pairs of brackets


Example 3: Expand (w - 4)2

( w - 4 ) ( w - 4 )

= w x w+ w x (-4) + (-4) x w + -(4) x (-4)


= w2 - 4w - 4w + 16
= w2 -8w + 16 AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

State the factors of an algebraic term


Example 1: 2m
1, 2, m, 2m

Example 2: 4g
1, 2, 4, g, 2g, 4g

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Monday, November 20, 2017

State the factors of an algebraic term


Example 3: 12y
1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12, y, 2y, 3y, 4y, 6y, 12y

Example 4: 15k
1, 3, 5, 15, k, 3k, 5k, 15k

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Write all the factors of the
following algebraic terms.
1. 5 j 3. 5 n2

2. 14 p 4. abc

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Monday, November 20, 2017

CONCEPT OF
FACTORISATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Highest Common Factor (HCF)


Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 1 : Example 2 :
6h & 4gh 2pq & 4q
2 6h , 4gh 2 2pq , 4q
h 3h , 2gh q pq , 2q
3 , 2g p , 2
HCF = 2 x h HCF = 2 x q
= 2h = 2q
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Highest Common Factor (HCF)


Find the HCF of the following algebraic terms.
Example 3 : Example 4 :
14v2 & 8v 5cd2 & 10cd
2 14v2 , 8v 5 5cd2 , 10cd
v 7v2 , 4v cd cd2 , 2cd
7v , 4 d , 2
HCF = 2 x v HCF = 5 x cd
= 2v = 5cd
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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXERCISE

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Monday, November 20, 2017

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Monday, November 20, 2017

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 1: 2pq + 4qr

2 2pq + 4qr
q pq + 2qr
p +
(p 2r
2r)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 2: mn mn2

m mn - mn2

n - n 2
n
(1
1 - n
n)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise the following algebraic term


Example 3: 3ab + 6bc - 9b2

3ab + 6bc - 9b 2
3
2
b ab + 2bc - 3b
( a + 2c - 3b
3b)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXERCISE

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Monday, November 20, 2017

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 9: ag + 3a + 2g + 6
(ag
a(g + 3)
3a
a )+ (2
2g
(g + 2
3)
6 )

(a (g + 3) + 2 (g
) + 3)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise ab + ac +bd + cd
Example 10: mn + 4n + 2m + 8
((m
mn
n++ n) +( 2
4)4n 2m 4))
(m +28

(n (m + 4) + 2 (m
) + 4)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXERCISE

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. ac + ad + bc + bd
2. ax + ay + bx + by
3. gh + 2h + 3g + 6
4. a2 + ab + 2a + 2b
5. de + d2 + ef + df

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2- b2
Example 11: a 2 b2
aa2 +- bb2))
((a

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2- b2
Example 12: m2 n 2
- n 2))
m2 +
((m

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2- b2
Example 13: 16m2 25n2
16m2 25n2
((4m
44m - 5n
2m2 + 5n
5 2)n2)

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Monday, November 20, 2017

EXERCISE

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 1: y2 + 8y + 16
4
1st Step:
16 = 1 x 16 (y 4)
16 = 2 x 8
+
+4y

16 = 4 x 4
2nd Step:
+
+4y
8= 4+ 4 (y + 4)
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 2: y2 + 9y + 14
2
7
1st Step:
14 = 1 x 14 (y 2)
14 = 2 x 7
+
+2y

2nd Step:
+
+7y
9= 2+ 7
(y + 7)
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise:
Page 135
Ex.6.2C
1 - 8
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise completely (Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2)


1. m2 + 12m + 36 2. a2 + 4a +4
3. j2 + 4j +3 4. k2 + 7k +12
5. b2 + 8b +15 6. f2 + 6f +8
7. g2 + 9g +14 8. s2 + 10s +16
9. h2 + 5h +6 10. r2 + 7r +10

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 3: y2 - 6y + -824
1st Step:
8= 1x8 (y -2)
-2y
8= 2x4

2nd Step:
-4y
-6 = -2 - 4
(y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 4: y2 - 10y +- 3721


1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21 (y -3)
-3y
21 = 3 x 7

2nd Step:
-7y
-10 = -3 - 7
(y - 7)
AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 3y + 2 6. y2 8y + 15
2. y2 5y + 6 7. y2 9y + 18
3. y2 7y + 12 8. y2 8y + 12
4. y2 7y + 10 9. y2 12y + 35
5. y2 9y + 14 10. y2 14y + 45

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise:
Page 134
Ex.6.2B
1 - 15
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Monday, November 20, 2017

FACTORISE
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2 + 2ab - b2
Example 5: y2 + 5y - +9
36
-4
1st Step:
36 = 1 x 36 (y +9)
36 = 2 x 18 +9y
36 = 3 x 12
36 = 4x 9
36 = 6x 6
-4y
2nd Step:
5= 9- 4 (y - 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 6: y2 + 4y - +7
21
-3
1st Step:
21 = 1 x 21 (y +7)
21 = 3 x 7 +7y

2nd Step:
4= 7- 3
-3y

(y - 3)
AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 + y 6 6. y2 + 4y 12
2. y2 + 2y 15 7. y2 + y 42
3. y2 + 6y 27 8. y2 + 4y 21
4. y2 + 3y 10 9. y2 + 7y 30
5. y2 + 3y 18 10. y2 + 10y 24

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 7: y2 - 3y - 10
+2
-5
1st Step:
10 = 1 x 10 (y -5)
10 = 2 x 5 -5y

2nd Step:
-3 = - 5 + 2 +2y

(y +2)
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Factorise a2 + 2ab + b2
Example 8: y2 - 3y - 28
+4
-7
1st Step:
28 = 1 x 28 (y -7)
28 = 2 x 14 -7y

28 = 4 x 7
2nd Step:
-3 = - 7 + 4 +4y

(y + 4)
AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Factorise the following algebraic expressions:
1. y2 2y 8 6. y2 5y 36
2. y2 3y 18 7. y2 y 12
3. y2 5y 14 8. y2 2y 24
4. y2 7y 30 9. y2 6y 7
5. y2 y 20 10. y2 y 6

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

FACTORISE AND SIMPLIFY


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

AIRIL AHMAD

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following expressions:

Example 1:

4
8xy 4y
4y
1
2 x 1

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 2:

5 a
2
20 a b 5a
4 ab

1
5a
1

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 138
Ex. 6.2F
No. 1 abcd

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following algebraic


fractions to the lowest terms Working Space

Example 3:
1
6g 4
2 6g + 4
2(3 g 2)
3g + 2
4 42
3g 2 2 ( 3g + 2 )

2
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Working Space
Example 4:
2 2a - 8b
2a 8b 2(a 4b)
a - 4b
2c 2c
2 ( a 4b )

a 4b

c AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 138
Ex.6.2F
No. 2 only

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Monday, November 20, 2017

ADDITION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

3x 2 x 3x 2 x 5x

7 7 7 7

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Monday, November 20, 2017

g 3 2g 4
Example 2:

3 3
g 3 2g 4

3

3g 7

3
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise

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Monday, November 20, 2017

SUBTRACTION OF
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

9p 2p 9p 2p 7p

10 10 10 10

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 2: 9 f 8 2 f 5

hk hk

9 f 8 2f - 5

hk
7 f 3

hk AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

8k 7 7k 2
Example 3:
2abc 2abc

8k 7 7k + 2

2abc
k 9

2abc AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise

AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 139
Ex. 6.3A
No. 1,2,3,5,10,11,12,
13,14,15
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Monday, November 20, 2017

ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS WITH
ONE DENOMINATOR AS A
MULTIPLE OF THE OTHER
DENOMINATOR

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:

Example 1: 3 xx2 2 x

2 x2 4
6 x 2x

4 4
8x
2x
4 AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

4h x 3 2h
Example 2:
5 x 3 15
12 h 2h

15 15
12h 2h 14h

15 15
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Monday, November 20, 2017

5 hx2 2 h
Example 3:
6 x 2 12
10 h 2h

12 12
10h 2h 8h 2h

12 12 3
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise

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Monday, November 20, 2017

ADD AND SUBTRACT


ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
WITHOUT ANY COMMON
FACTORS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:


Example 1:

3 px 5 2rx 2 15 p 4r

2x5 5x 2 10

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Monday, November 20, 2017

8x n f 5 x m
Example 2:
mx n nx m
8n fm 5m

mn

8n fm 5m

mn
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Monday, November 20, 2017

2 xx y 3 xx x
Example 3:
xxy yx x
2y - xy + 3x2

xy

2 y xy 3x 2

xy
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 142&143
ALL
Ex.6.3C

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Monday, November 20, 2017

MULTIPLICATION
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:

Example 1:

3 2 3 2 6

5 7 5 7 35

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 2:

m p m p mp

n q n q nq
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Monday, November 20, 2017

5p
Example 3:
1
r
5p r 5 p 5 pr
2
2 2
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Monday, November 20, 2017

( x y) 4g
Example 4:
h (e f )
( x y) 4 g

h (e f )
4 g ( x y)

h (e f )
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise

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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 1 to 12
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Monday, November 20, 2017

DIVISION OF TWO
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS

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AIRIL AHMAD
Monday, November 20, 2017

Simplify the following:

Example 1:


3 2 3

5 7 5
7 3 7 21

2 5 2 10
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Monday, November 20, 2017

5p
Example 2: 1


r r 1
5p
2 2 5p
r 1 r

25 p 10 p
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Example 3:


2c 5 2c 4e

3d 4e 3d 5
2c 4e 8ce

3d 5 15d
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Monday, November 20, 2017

Exercise
Page 85
Ex.7
No. 13 to 29
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