HAJJ (Greater Pilgrimage)

PANGANIBAN, Andrea Ivanne D.

Reference: Abd al-Rahman al-Jaziri (2009). Islamic Jurisprudence

According to the Four Sunni Schools. pp. 853-862
What is HAJJ?
It is a journey toward something
which is highly venerated
Ordinary
language

It refers to specific actions which

are performed at a particular
Realm of time and place and in a specified
Islamic manner
Jurisprudence
Rulings on the Hajj
Obligatory once in a lifetime for every individual
Muslim individual

Male and female

Given the specified conditions

**The necessity of the performance of the Hajj has been established based on
the Quran, the Sunnah and the consensus of the Muslim Community.
Quran (3:97)
Hence, pilgrimage unto the
Temple is a duty owed to God
by all people who are able to
undertake it..
Sunnah (Words of the Prophet)
Islam was founded on five
pillars

O people, the Hajj has been

made obligatory for you, so
make the pilgrimage
Muslim Community

Agreed as whole, or ummah

When Hajj is to be performed

Maliki Must be performed without delay

Hanafi Must be performed without delay

Hanbali Must be performed without delay

Shafii Does not have to be performed

immediately
When Hajj is to be performed to be Valid

Maliki
(1) Time for entering a state of ritual consecration for the hajj
(2) time for standing on Mt. Arafah (3) time for the
circumambulation of the Kabah (4) time for the remaining hajj
rites

Hanafi
Time of the circumambulation of visitation (tawaf al-ziyarah)
Dawn of the Day of Sacrifice until end of ones lifetime and at
the time at which pilgrims stand on Mt. Arafah (Noon of the
Day of Arafah until Dawn of Sacrifice

Hanbali
(1) Time for entering a state of ritual consecration for the hajj
(2) time for standing on Mt. Arafah (3) time for the
circumambulation of the Kabah (4) time for the remaining hajj
rites

Shafii From the first day of Shawwal until dawn on the Day of
Sacrifice
Conditions for its necessity

Maliki Being a Muslim is a condition for

validity, but not for its being obligatory

Hanafi The person concerned be a Muslim, in

order to be obligatory

Hanbali The person concerned be a Muslim, in

order to be obligatory

Shafii The person concerned be a Muslim, in

order to be obligatory
Conditions for its necessity

Maliki Performed immediately as long as already

able

Hanafi Performed immediately as long as already

able

Hanbali Performed immediately as long as already

able

Not immediately, but conditions must be

Shafii fulfilled in order to be not held in disobedient
on account of his delay
Conditions for its necessity

Conditions (1) He must

have no reason to fear
that on account of this
Shafii delay, he will miss the
opportunity to perform
Hajj (2) He must be
determined to perform it
later
Conditions for its necessity
He or she must be an adult,
Maliki sane and free

He or she must be an adult,

Hanafi sane and free

He or she must be an adult,

Hanbali sane and free

He or she must be an adult,

Shafii sane and free
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

Refers to the ability to obtain the

necessary provisions for journey
and a riding camel
4 Conditions of Performance (1)
Hanafi Soundness of body (2) Safe
Passage (3)Presence of a
husband or mahram for a
woman (4) The woman
concerned must not be in a post-
marriage waiting period
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

Define it as the material possibility of

reaching Mecca and the sites at which the
hajj rites are performed, whether they can
be reached by walking or riding, and
whether that person rides is his own

Maliki possession or hired

The ability to secure the needed provisions
for the journey and a riding camel
No distinction made between travelling by
sea or land as long it is safe
Necessary to travel with husband or
trustworthy female companions
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

Refers to the ability to obtain the

provisions needed for the hajj as
well as a riding camel suited to the
person concerned

Hanbali Way to Mecca must be safe

Woman, not required unless she
has with her, her husband, brother,
son, paternal uncle or father
Hajj is only for sighted persons, if
blind, you must have a guide
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

Ability is divided in 2
types (1) The ability to
perform the hajj by
Shafii oneself (2) ability to
perform it through
someone else
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

1ST TYPE: (1)Ability to obtain the provisions

one need and to provide for hiring a guard or
escort going to Mecca, as well as the expenses
(2)Availability of a riding camel (3) Safe

Shafii
passage (4)Availability of water, provision and
fodder for one s riding animal (5) Woman,
must be accompanied by her husband or two
trustworthy women (6) Ability to remain
seated on the mount without experiencing
severe harm (7)Sufficient time remain of the
hajj season for the person concerned to
perform the hajj after becoming able to do so
Ability, and rulings on the performance of the
Hajj by women and the blind

2nd TYPE: (1) He

must be a Muslim
(2)Must have reached
Shafii the age of discernment
(3) Must perform the
hajj during specified
season