Lecture 10

Private & Public IPv4 Addressing

 What is IP Address
A unique identifier assigned to a machine on an IP network.
It is a software address, not associated with Hardware.
It allows the communication between hosts on different networks.
According to IP Terminology Bit = 1 or 0
Byte = 8 bits
Octet = Byte = 8 Bits
Network Address = It is used in the routing process to deliver the packet
to a remote network, - for example 192.168.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 10.0.0.0
Broadcast Address = An address used by application to send
information to all network nodes is called Broadcast address. For
example 255.255.255.255 means any network and all nodes.
 Hierarchical 32-bit IP Addressing
An IP Address is composed of 32 bits information.
32 Bits are divided into four sections.
Each section is referred to as octet or byte.
IP Address can be represented in Dotted Decimal, Binary or
Hexadecimal format.
It can handle 4.3 billion address (4,294,967,296).
 Network Address
A Network Address is also called a Network Number.
A network number is a unique network identifier.
Every host on a network shares the same network address as a
part of their IP address.
Network Classes i.e. Class A, Class B, Class C
Class Selection Depends upon network size.
Network Addressing
 Class A Addresses
Network . Node . Node . Node
The First byte Must be between 1 and 126 with prefix /8.
First bit in the First byte of class A address is always 0 or off.
Example: 10 . 12 . 11 . 1 /8
Class A address has 3 bytes (24 bits) for node address.
Total Number of nodes 16,777,216 minus 2 with Unique addresses.
Two node address with all 0 bits and all 1 bits in node octet are reserved.
All node bits off is network address i.e. 10.0.0.0
All node bits on is broadcast address i.e. 10.255.255.255
 Class B Addresses
Network . Network . Node . Node
The First byte Must be between 128 and 191 with prefix /16.
First bit in the First byte of class B address is always 1 or on while the
second bit is always off.
Example: 172 . 16 . 3. 1 4 / 16
Class B address has 2 bytes (16 bits) for network address and 2 bytes (16
bits) for node address.
Total Number of network addresses 16,384 and 65,534 possible usable
addresses for each network.
Two node address with all 0 bits and all 1 bits in node octet are reserved.
All Host bits turned off is network address = 172.16.0.0
All Host bits on is broadcast address = 172.16.255.255
 Class C Addresses
Network . Network . Network . Node
The First byte Must be between 192 and 223 with prefix /24.
First two bits in the First byte of class C address are always 1 or on while
the third bit is always 0 or off.
Example: 19 2. 168 . 1 . 1 / 24
Class C address has 3 bytes (24 bits) for network address and 1 bytes (8
bits) for node address space.
Total Number of network addresses 2,097,152 and 254 possible usable
addresses for each network.
Two node address with all 0 bits and all 1 bits in node octet are reserved.
All Host bits turned off is network address = 192.168.1.0
All Host bits on is broadcast address = 192.168.1.255
Private / Reserved IP Address Space

Class A : 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255

Class B: 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255

Class C: 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

 Unicast Address
Used to Direct Traffic to a specific host.
 Broadcast Address
Used to Direct Traffic to all hosts.
 Multicast Address
Used to send traffic to all hosts on a network.