Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2
f x a e
j
j
i
b a
jx
L
b
1 2 1 2 2
e
i
e
i
aj
jx
f (x)dx
jx
L L f (x)dx
L a
L L
2
2 2 2
k j ; aj f j
L L L
f j L a fk L a
2
L 2 j
2 2
Lk
2 1
2 2 2
f x a e
j
j
i
b a
jx
2
j
f K j
L e i
L
jx
DK
L
L
1 f (k)e ikx dk
f x
2
1
f k f (x)e
ikx
dx
2
1 f (k)e ikx dk
f x
2
1
f k f (x)e
ikx
dx
2
1
1
f x f (x' ) e dx' e dk
ikx ' ikx
2
2
1
f x dx' f (x' ) dk e
ik (x x ')
2
=
d(x-x) d(x-x)
ikx
e
Ortogonalidad de las funciones :
2
ikx ' ikx ik' x
ik x
e , e d1(k'e k)e ' k ) x
i(k
2 e d (kdx dx d) (k' k) d (k k' )
k'
2
2 2 2
it '
i t
e , e d (' ) d ( ' )
2 2
k
xt
Ejemplos:
i 0 t
1. Onda plana: f t f x e
ik0 x
e
f ( ) 1 2 d ( ) 1
f ( ) i 0 t i
i tt 0 i( 0 )t
2
e
f (t)e dt dt e dt
0
0 , t 2
2. Funcin pulso: f t 1 , 0 t T
f ( ) 2 d ( 0 ) 0 , T t
T
f 1 it 1 it
2 f (t)e
dt
2 e
0
dt
f 1 i
2
eiT
1 Re f
1 sen( T)
T
2 T
T
0 , t
2 1
f
it
T
f t 1 , t
2
T
2 2 f (t) e
dt
T
0 , t
2
T
1 i i T i
2
f ( ) 1 i t T
2 e T
dt e 2 e 2
2
2
T T
sen( ) sen( )
f ( ) 2 2 T 2
2 2 T
2
T
0 , t T
2
sen( )
T T T
f t 1 , t
f ( ) 2
2 2 2 T
T
0 , t 2
2
T
2
2 2
T T
T T
2 2
T
0 , t T
2
sen( )
T T T
f t 1 , t
f ( ) 2
2 2 2 T
T
0 , t 2
2
T
T
1
f t 1 f
it
2 e
dt 2 d ( )
3. Funcin coseno:
1
f t cos( 0 t) f
it
2
f (t) e dt
e
i t
i0 t i 0 t
1 1 e e
f
it
2 cos( t)e
0 dt
2
2
dt
e dt
1
f ( )
i( 0 )t i( 0 )t
e
2 2
f ( ) 2 d ( ) d ( )
2 2 0 0
f ( ) d ( ) d ( )
0 0
2
Transformadas de Fourier de funciones pares, f(t) = f(-t):
1
1
0
it it
f
it
2 f (t)e
dt
2
f (t)e dt
0
f (t) e dt
f ( )
11
22
ff (t) ei
00 e e 0
it
t
dt
it
f
(t)
dt ei t
dt
2
f f (t )cos(t)dt
0
Transformadas de Fourier de funciones impares, f(t) = -f(-t):
1
1
0
it it
f
it
2 f (t)e
dt
2
f (t)e dt
0
f (t) e dt
f ( )
11 f(t)
00
22
f
(t) ei
i t
t
dt e
it
f (t)
dt
e
i t
dt
0
f i 2 f (t )sen(t)dt
0
Propiedades de las transformadas de Fourier:
1. Linealidad:
f
f (t)
F.T .
f (t) g(t)
F.T .
f g
g
g(t)
F.T .
f (t)
F.T .
(a ib) f
f (a ib) f (t)
F.T .
2. : f (t) f (t) f f
* *
Re f ( ) Re f ( )
Im f ( ) Im f ( )
Propiedades de las transformadas de Fourier:
1
3. : f 0
2 f (t)dt
1 ( )d
f 0
2
f
f (t)g(t)dt f ( ) g ( )d
* *
4. Identidad de Parseval :
1 1
'
* ( ) e d
dt
2f (t)
g(t) f (t) 2 2
i
t i t
f g ( ' ) e 2 d '
dt f ( ) d
1 '
d f ( ) d ' g( 'Teorema)
2
i
d
( t )
*
(
' de
dt ) e
Rayleigh
Propiedades de las transformadas de Fourier:
5. : f (t)
f f (t a)
F.T . ia
e f
F.T.
f (t a) g(t)
1 it 1 it
g
2 g(t) e
dt
2
f (t a) e dt
ia
g
1
f (u)e
i (ua )
du e f (u) e iu
du
2
2
f ( )
ia
g e
Teorema de convolucin:
Se define la integral de convolucin de dos funciones f(t) y g(t)
del siguiente modo:
1
f g (t) f (u)g(t u)du
2
1 1
2 f g (t) du ( ) e d d '
u)
g( ' ) e
i u i '(t
f
2
2
1
d f ( ) d ' g(' ) e
i ' t
d
2
i ( ' )u
e du
1
2f gf(t)
g(t) df (
f () )g (
g() e
it it
) ed
2
f g ( )
1
2 f( ' )g( ' )d'
1 1
2 f g ( ) d '
2
f (t) e dt 2
i 't
g(u)e
i ( ')u
du
1
dt f (t) du g(u)
iu
i' (t u)
e 2
edt-u d'
f)
f g (2 1
1
2 2
gf (g)() f (t)g(t)
dt eit
ff(t)g(t)
(t)
itit
dtee dt f g fg
g(t)
Ejemplo de aplicacin del teorema de convolucin:
Calcular la transformada de Fourier de la siguiente funcin:
T
0 , t 1
f
it
f (t) 2
cos( t) , t T 2 f (t) e
dt
0
2
e
T T
it
2 i 0 t i 0 t
1 1 2
e e
f
it
2 cos( t) e
T
0 dt
2 T 2
dt
2 T 2
e dt
2
1
f ( )
i ( 0 )t i( 0 )t
e
2 2 T
2
T
i ( 0 )t i ( 0 )t
i e ie
2
f ( ) 1
2 2
0 0 T
2
i(2i) T i(2i) T
f ( ) 1 sen ( 0 ) sen ( 0 )
2 2
0 2 0 2
T T
sen ( 0 ) sen ( 0 )
f ( ) 1 T 2 2
2 2 T T
0
0
2 2
T
0 , t
f (t) 2 f t h(t)g(t)
cos( t) , t T
0
2
T
0 , t
h(t) 2 ; gt cos( 0 t)
1 , t
T
2
T
T
sen( ) g( ) d ( 0 ) d ( 0 )
h ( ) 2 2
2 T
2
f hg h g h g ( )
1 it
2
h(t)g(t) e dt
h g ( )
1
2 (' )g( ' )d '
h
T
sen( ' )
1 T
2 2 ' T
2
2
d ( ' 0 ) d ( ' 0 )d'
2
T T
sen ( 0 ) sen ( 0 )
f ( ) (h g )( ) 1 T 2 2
2 2 T T
0
0
2 2
Ejercicios:
e
it
i0 t i 0 t
1 1 e e
f
it
2 sen( t) e
0 dt
2
2i
dt
f ( )
1
2i 2
e
i ( 0 )t
e
i( 0 )t
dt
f ( ) 2 d ( ) d ( )
2i 2 0 0
f ( ) i d ( ) d ( )
0 0
2
2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
f t e
a t 1
; (a 0) f f (t) e
it
dt
2
1 2
f
it
e
at
e e
a t
dt cos( 0t)dt
2
2 0
at 2 at
at 1
e cos( e
0 e cos(0t)dt aaa aa a0ae sen(
at t)
0
0 t)dt0et)dt
at
e
1 sen( at 0 t)
00 0 cos(
0 0
e at
sen( 0 t)dt
cos(
0 t)dt
a
a a 0
2 0a
f ( )
0 0
0
u cos( 0 t)1; du u 0a
sen( 2
sen( 0
0 0 du 0 cos( 0t)
t) ;
t)2
at at
a; v edv e at dt ; v e a
0 e
at
at
cos( t)dt
dv e dt
0
0 2a a 2 20 a
1
a
3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la d(t):
1
f t d (t) f
it
2 f (t) e
dt
1 1
f
it
2 d (t) e
dt
2
f ( ) 2
2
4. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a , t 0
1 it
f (t)
0 , t 0
;(a 0) f
2 f (t) e
dt
1
1 t 1
f
it
e
e e
dt t
i
a a dt
2 0
2 0
1
a it 1 1a 1 ia
1 e
f
2 1
i
ia 1 ia
2 11i
a 0 a
a a 2
f 2
2 2 i 2 2
2 1 a 1 a
5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a cos( t) , t 0
f (t) 0 ; (a 0)
0 , t 0
6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
1
h(1 a t ) , t a
f (t) ; (h,a 0)
0 , t
1
a
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:
sen2 t
t 2 dt
5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a cos( t) , t 0
f (t) 0 ; (a 0)
0 , t 0
f t h(t)g(t)
t
e a , t 0 2 a a 2
h(t) ;(a 0) h 2 2 2 i
F.T .
2 2
1 a 1 a
0 , t 0
gt cos( 0t) g( )
F.T .
d ( 0 ) d ( 0 )
2
f hg h g
h g ( )
1 it
2
h(t)g(t) e dt
h g ( )
1
2 (' )g( ' )d '
h
1
2 a ' a 2
2 2 i
d ( ' 0 ) d ( ' 0 )d'
2 2
2
2 1 ' a 1 ' a 2
1 a a ( )a 2 ( )a2
2 2 2 2 i 2 2
0 0
2 2
2 2
1 ( 0 ) a 1 ( 0 ) a 1 ( 0 ) a 1 ( 0 ) a
=
f ( )
6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
1
h(1 a t ) , t a
f (t) ; (h,a 0)
0 , t
1
a
f 1 it 2
2 f (t)e
dt
f (t)cos(t )dt
0
1
a
2
h(1 at)cos(t)dt
0
1 1
2
a a
0 0
h cos( t)dt a t cos( t)dt
1 1
1
a
t sen( t) sen( t)
a
t cos(t)dt 0 dt
a
0 0
u t ; du dt
sen( t)
dv cos(t)dt ; v
1 1
cos( ) 1a
sen( ) 1
cos(at)
a
t cos(t)dt 22 0
a a
0
1 cos( )
f ( ) h2 2 cos( a) 1
f ( ) h a a a2
2
a
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular: Rayleigh
2 sen 2
2
t 2 dt 2 d f ( ) d f (t) dt
sen t 2
T
0 , t T
2 sen( )
T T T
f t 1 , t
f ( ) 2
2 2 T
T sen t2 2
0 , t
2
t2 dt 2
T T TT
0, t, t 1 sen(
sen( ) )
0
1
f )(f T sen
fftt 22
f dt 22
2
T 1T (
(t)
dt
() )
2 ,
t 2 TT
T2
1 , t , t
2 2
2
1
22