PETE 411

Well Drilling

Lesson 32
Cementing - Salt Solutions

1
 Cementing - Salt Solutions

Use of salt in Cement Slurries

Unsaturated Salt Solutions
Saturated Salt Solutions
Types Cements
Cement Additives
Examples

2
 Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch. 3

HW #17
Cementing of Liner
due November 27, 2002

3
 Salt in Cement Slurries
Salt Zones
Salt-saturated cements were originally used for
cementing casing strings through salt zones.
Fresh or unsaturated salt cement slurries will
not bond satisfactorily to salt formations
because the slurry tends to dissolve or leach
away the salt at the wall of the hole.
Salt-saturated cements will not dissolve any
more salt so a good bond can be achieved

4
 Salt in Cement Slurries

Shale Zones

Many shales are sensitive to fresh

water.
Salt helps to protect these shales in
that they tend to prevent
excessive sloughing or heaving
of the shales.

5
 Salt in Cement Slurries

Accelerator
In low concentrations salt tends to
accelerate the setting of cement.

Retarder
In high concentrations ( >5% by wt. of
water) the salt will tend to retard the
setting of the cement.
6
Salt in Cement Slurries

7
 Salt in Cement Slurries

Expansion
Salt results in a more expansive
cement.

Freezing
Salt reduces the freezing
temperature of cement slurries.

8
 mg/L

ppm

EXAMPLE:
200,000 mg of NaCl
800,000 mg of H2O
1,000,000 mg of solution
< 1 litre of solution

of solution 9
Volume of Sodium Chloride Solution

EXAMPLE:
Adding 30 lbs of NaCl 30% by weight =
to 100 lbs of H2O 13.8% by volume
increases the volume of (SG = 2.17)
solution by ~10.7%

10
Density of Sodium Chloride Solution

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
 Example: Salt Solutions

30% NaCl (by weight of water) is added to

one gallon of fresh water.

Calculate the density of the mixture:

(i) Before the salt goes into solution

(ii) Using the solubility charts shown above.

18
 Problem : Salt Solutions
(i) Assuming that
1V1 2 V2 ... mix Vmix W VW S VS mix Vmix

w Vw S VS
mix
Vmix

8.33 * 1 0.30 * 8.33 x 1

1 (0.30 * 8.33) / (2.17 * 8.33)

mix 9.51 lb/gal

19
 Problem : Salt Solutions

(ii) From the chart, mix 9.8 lb/gal

{ 9.51 lb/gal vs. 9.8 lb/gal !! }

{ what if we had 60% salt? }

20
21
22
23
24
 Problem

Calculate the density and yield of a

cement slurry consisting of:
65% Class A cement
35% Pozmix cement,
6% bentonite BWOC and
10.9 gal/sk of water.

25
 Problem

(i) Initial tabulations and calculations:

Weight Specific Density

Component lbs/sk Gravity lbs/gal
Class A 94 3.14 8.33*3.14 = 26.16
Pozmix 74 2.46 8.33*2.46 = 20.49
Bentonite 2.65 8.33*2.65 = 22.07
Water 1.00 8.33*1.00 = 8.33

26
 Problem

(ii) Determine the properties of one sack of dry

cement mixture; 65% Class A and 35%
Pozmix:
Cement Weig ht (lbs) Vol. (gal)
61.1
Class A, 0.65 sk 0.65 * 94 61.1 2.336
26.16
25.9
Pozmix, 0.35 sk 0.35 * 74 25.9 1.264
20.49

87.0 3.600
27
 Problem

(iii) Determine density and yield of final slurry:

Component Weight (lbs) Vol. (gal)

Cmt. mix, 1 sk 87.0 3.600

5.22
Bentonite, 6% 0.06 * 87 5.22 0.2365
22.07

Water, 10.9 gal 10.9 * 8.33 90.80 10.9

183.02 14.7365
28
 Problem

183.02
mix 12.42 lb/gal
14.74

14.74 gal/sk
Yield 3
7.48 gal/ft

1.97 ft / sk
3

29