Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
steel
By Fraz Sabir
Stainless Steels
Molybdenum
Ferritic forming element. Added to increase pitting corrosion
resistance of stainless steel (2-4%).
Molybdenum addition has to be followed by decreasing
chromium concentration and increasing nickel concentration
Improves mechanical properties of stainless steel at high
temperature. Increase aqueous corrosion resistance of material
exposed in reducing acid.
Tungsten
Is added to increase the strength and toughness of
martensitic stainless steel.
Silicon
Reduce susceptibility of SS to pitting and crevice corrosion
as well as SCC.
Five basic types of stainless steels
Austenitic: Susceptible to SCC. Can be hardened only by cold
working. Good toughness and formability, easily to be welded and
high corrosion resistance. Nonmagnetic except after excess cold
working due to martensitic formation.
- a critical environment
- a susceptible alloy
- some component of tensile stress
Pure metals are more
resistance to SCC but and
Tensile stress is susceptibility increases with
below yield point strength
Susceptible
Tensile
material
stress
Stress
Corrosive corrosion
Corrosive environment
environment is cracking
often specific to the
alloy system
Example of crack propagation during transgranular
stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) brass
Example of crack
propagation during
intergranular stress
corrosion cracking
(IGSCC)
ASTM A245 carbon steel
Fracture surface of
intergranular SCC on
carbon steel in hot nitric
solution
Fracture surface of
transgranular SCC on
austenitic stainless steel in hot
chloride solution
Fracture surface due to Fracture surface due to local
intergranular SCC stress has reached its tensile
strength value on the
remaining section
Electrochemical effect
Usual region for TGSCC,
mostly is initiated by pitting
pitting corrosion
Zone 1 (transgranular cracking
propagation needs higher
cracking passive
energy)
zones
Zone 2
Usual region for IGSCC, SCC
active usually occurs where the
passive film is relatively weak
Note that non-susceptible alloy-environment combinations,
will not crack the alloy even if held in one of the potential
zones.
Temperature and solution composition (including pH,
dissolved oxidizers, aggressive ions and inhibitors or
passivators) can modify the anodic polarization behavior to
permit SCC.
Susceptibility to SCC cannot be predicted solely from the
anodic polarization curve.