DEW POINT CONTROL

TEMPERATURE

PRESSURE

The cricondentherm of the dew point

curve is primarily determined by the
nature of the heaviest component in the
gas rather than the total quantity of the
heavy component in the feed gas.

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-3

 REFRIGERANTS

HOW TO CHOISE A
REFRIGERANTS:
Nontoxic
Noncorrosive
Physical properties
compatible with
the system needs
High latent of
vaporization
 CLASIFY

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-3

STRAIGHT REFRIGERATION
this process can simply be used for dew point control when modest liquid recovery is
needed or desired. The recovery level is a strong function of:
1. The feed gas pressure
2. gas composition
This figure lustrates the ethane
3. Temperature level in the refrigeration chiller.
recovery efficiency which can be
expected. As with propane recovery, This figure shows curves
for a given temperature level, higher for estimating the recovery
extraction efficiency can be achieved achievable as a function of
with richer gas. However, ethane temperature and gas
recovery of over 30% can be achieved richness for a given
from a gas as lean as 3 GPM (C3+). processing pressure.

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-12

NGL RECOVERY

This are
There figure shows
three general
expected
Inmethods
order to wichpropane
achievecanhigherand
be used
propane
butane
to
recoveries recoveries
achieve andthe ethane which
conditions
recovery,
can be expected
necessary
cryogenic to with are
attain high
temperaturas
increasing
ethane
required. recovery theethane
Generally,levels: natural gas
recovery
1. Mechanical
processing level.
industry The
considers
propane
cryogenic recovery
refrigeration can vary
processing to be
quite
2. J-TaExpansion
processes bit depending
wich oprate be onlow -50
theTurboexpander
.3. exact choice of the
process configuration
 MECHANICAL
REFRIGERATION
Refrigeration is supplied by a vapor compression
cycle. The refrigeration process is used to remove
heat from a process stream.
By utilizing the Pressure-Enthalpy (P-H) diagram,
the refrigeration cycle can be broken down into four
distinct steps:

Expansion

Evaporation

Compression

Condensation

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.14-14

 MECHANICAL
REFRIGERATION
In order to produce the low temperature necessary for liquefaction, mechanical refrigeration
systems
Mixedare utilized. Two types of liquefaction processes can be used to accomplish this
Refrigerant
refrigeration: CASCADE:
Processes:
The first LNG liquefaction
the mixed refrigerant
units utilized the cascade
cycle was developed to
1. Cascade Refrigeration Process refrigeration process. These
simplify the refrigeration
2. Mixed Refrigerant Process facilities use the classical
system. This system uses
cascade cycle where three
a single mixed refrigerant
refrigeration systems are
composed of nitrogen,
employed: propane, ethylene
methane, ethane, propane,
and methane.
butane and pentane.
 J-T EXPANSION
The J-T process does
offer some advantages
over the turboexpander
and refrigeration
processes:
1. Low gas rates and
modest ethane
recovery.
2. The process can be
designed with no
rotating equipment.
3. Broad range of
flows.
4. Simplicity of design
and operation.
GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-17
REFRIGERATED J-T
In some cases the feed gas is not at high enough pressure or the gas is rich in
liquefiable hydrocarbons. Then mechanical refrigeration can be added to the J-T
process to enhance recovery efficiencies.

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-18

 EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Each of these processes use static equipment to achieve the desired separation
and are focused on replacing Joule-Thomson expansion valves and/or turbo-
expanders

VORTEX TUBE DEVICE

TWISTER TECHNOLOGY

GPSA. 2 Volumen. 12 Edition. 2004. p.16-16

 EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
Each of these processes use static equipment to achieve the desired separation
and are focused on replacing Joule-Thomson expansion valves and/or turbo-
expanders

https://www.vortec.com/vortex-tubes-video